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JOSEPH H.WALLACE&CO. 

ESTABLISHED 1897. INCORPORATED 1907. 

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS. 

NEW YORK. LONDON 



A 



Compiled and Arranged 

by 

G. M. S. ARMSTRONG 

718-724 Arch Street 

Philadelphia 



Copj-right 1909 



Price, iio 00 



CI. A. 24 4 521 
AUG 3 1909 




FOREWORD 



THIS volume is issued to further our acquaintance with 
industrial interests. Manufacturers of to-day believe in 
consultation with practical engineers familiar with problems 
general to industrial developments, and bankers and investors 
in industrial securities want unbiased reports and appraisals of 
properties in which they are or may become interested. 
Joseph H. Wallace & Company have been organized especially 
to meet this demand and undertake only industrial engineering 
work, covering questions of hydraulics, steam, electricity, struct- 
ural and mill building, consultation, appraisals and reports on 
condition of manufacturing and power plants. 
A department of tests has recently been organized, and under- 
takes complete tests of steam and hydraulic power plants. 
We attempt to present only a few representative recent instal- 
lations selected from upwards of fifty pulp, paper and power 
plants, the engineering for which has been entirely done by 
members of our own organization. Special engineering services 
have been furnished for many other important installations where 
the owners had their own engineering staff. 



THE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN THE MILL 



Eng-inecring has been defined as, "The art of 
directing the great sources of power in nature for 
the use and benefit of man." 

The pioneers of the profession command our 
respect: having Httle specific knowledge on which to 
base their calculations, no systematic compilation of 
facts, and but an imperfect understanding of the 
fundamental laws of nature, nevertheless, they built 
aqueducts, canals, bridges and sewers, regulated 
river flow and protected the lowlands from the sea's 
encroachments. 

Telford thus answered a young man who asked 
advice about studying- for the practice of engineering, 
"I have built all the roads and made all the canals 
and harbors. I don't see what there is that you 
expect to do.'' Yet, Telford was from 1800-1825 at 
the head of his profession and the first president of 
the Institute of Civil Engineers (1820). 

Developments in physics, chemistry and philosophy 
during the century just passed have proportionately 
broadened the work of the engineer, who must keep 
himself informed of the progress in all branches of 
natural science, in order to secure such new materials 
or new forms of energy, as may be applied to 
practical use. Likewise, the fuller knowledge of the 
properties and the action of matter has induced 
investigation of the means possible to resist or 
eliminate disturbing forces. 

In reviewing scientific development, one cannot 
fail to be struck bv the tremendous acceleration in 



the rate of progress. Even as the 19th Century 
eclipsed all the past in engineering expansion, so its 
last cjuarter surpassed the first three. When the 
American Society of Civil Engineers was founded in 
1852, it had become evident that engineering was not 
a specialty, but the general application of the work of 
all scientists. Still, as late as 1875, the practicing 
engineer, while called on to direct work of great 
magnitude, was expected to have an intimate and 
detailed knowledge of all branches. With equal 
facility he built and equipped railways, canals, manu- 
facturing and power plants, or systems of waterworks 
or sewers; and his ability in one field was accepted 
as evidence of his skill in all. 

During the practice of even our younger engineers, 
the accumulation of scientific data, facts, and formulae 
has been too rapid to permit any individual to 
accurately acquire more than the knowledge and 
experience necessary in a limited branch of engineer- 
ing. The profession has, therefore, become sub- 
divided, until the modern engineering organizations 
are composed of specialists in each branch. 

It is the engineer's province to so direct the 
applications of energy as to bring about progress 
and economy of operation. In a proposed work 
he must have a due regard to the "period of probable 
usefulness," for time and progress will make anti- 
quated the most marvelous work of his age, and 
"erecting monuments" only develops criticism. 

In no branch of the engineering profession is this 
consideration — ^"period of probable usefulness" — a 



THE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN THE MILL 



greater factor than in Industrial Engineering, by which 
term is meant that speciaHzation of practice involved 
in the design and erection of manufacturing and 
power plants. 

An organization to tmdertake industrial work 
should be familiar with the problems common to 
industrial plants generally; such as, mechanical 
handling of materials; devices for labor saving and 
for protection against fire and accident; generation 
and distribution of power, whether hydraulic, steam, 
gas, or electrical; practical uses of the various 
building materials ; as well as a knowledge of the 
usual methods of manufacttiring, and particularly 
those concerned in the specialized line. 

Mill engineers have come into prominence because 
of their experience in plants for special products, 
such as steel, cotton or cement. 

The history of paper mill engineering in America 
is largely the story of the work of the "Towers of 
Holyoke," followed by the younger generation of 
engineers trained in the Tower offices. Holyoke, 
"the paper city," was largely built by the Tower 
Brothers, and more recently a number of the 
noteworthy pulp and paper mills erected in America 
have been entrusted to "Tower" graduates. 



The experience of the members of our organiza- 
tion in paper and pulp mill engineering dates from 
the early nineties, when Messrs. Wallace and 
Bowker entered the employ of D. H. and A. B. 
Tower, and continues through the work of A. B. 
Tower & Company, Tower & Wallace and J. H. 
Wallace. In 1901, by associating with Sheaff & 
Jaastad, the present organization was developed 
from both concerns, specializing on work relating to 
plants for "Pulp, Paper and Power." Our work has 
recently included extensive foreign developments 
and led to the establishment of an office in London, 
England. The economic advantage to the client, 
of our acquaintance with European methods result- 
ing from our visits to many of the important plants 
of England, Germany, France, Sweden and Norway, 
is self-evident. 

The manufacturer who knows what he wants to 
build is offered the assistance of an organization 
trained in the problems that have developed with the 
growth of this special field, and can have the benefit 
of our familiarity with what has been done by others 
in similar lines, and under similar conditions, both 
in this country and abroad. 



REPRESENTATIVE INDUSTRIAL PLANTS 

PAGE OWNERS LOCATION PRODUCT 

7 Flintkote Mfg. Co Arlington, N.J. Flintkote Roofing Felt. 

8 Wall Paper Mfrs., Ltd (jreennitne, K.ent, England ■ Esparto Pulp, Newspaper, xV all Papers. 

42 Spanish River Pulp GJ* Paper Co., Ltd. • Espanola, Ontario, Canada ■ Ground Wood Pulp. 

56 M. J. W^hittall Worcester, Mass Carpets (Power only). 

62 Askuelot Paper Co Hinsdale, New Hampshire, Stock and Copying Tissues. 

66 Roanoke Rapids Po'wer Co Roanoke Rapids, N. C. • ■ Hydro-Electric Po-wer. 

72 Munising Paper Co., Ltd. Munismg, Michigan ■ Sulphite Pulp, High-Grade Fihre Papers and Specialties. 

86 Cambridge Electric Light Co. . . ■ ■ Cambridge, Mass. .... Light and Po-vv'er. 

93 Quincy Electric Light &* Power Co. • . Qumcy, Mass Light and Pow^er. 

98 Roanoke Rapids Paper Mfg. Co. ■ - . . Roanoke Rapids, N. C. . . Ground Wood Pulp, Sulphate Pulp, "Kraft" and Wrapping Papers. 

108 B. D. Rising Paper Co Housatonic, Mass Bond and Ledger Papers, Wedding and Index Bristols. 

114 American Strawtoard Co. (Uncas Plant) Norwich, Conn Newstoard. 

116 Rochester, Syracuse ^ Eastern Ry. . . Lyons, N. Y Electric Railway Power. 

122 Fletcher Paper Co. Alpena, Michigan • Ground W^ood Pulp, Sulphite Pulp, Bag and Manila Papers. 

130 J. & J. Rogers Co Ausable Forks, N. Y. . . Ground W^ood Pulp, Sulphite Pulp, Envelope and Wrapping Papers. 

138 Kalamazoo Paper Co. . Kalamazoo, Michigan . . . Book and Writing Papers. 




FLINTKOTE MFG. CO., RUTHERFORD, N. J. 

The special features of this plant are in the nature of secret methods of manufacture of roofing felt. 

We are therefore unable to show more than an exterior view of the buildings 

in which " Flintkote " roofing is made. 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD. 

POTTER &■ CO. BRANCH, GREENHITHE, KENT, ENGLAND. 



Located on the River Thames, seventeen miles 
below London, the new Ingress Abbey Mills present 
many featnres of interest, not only to the paper trade 
generall}', but to the engineering profession as well. 
The plant is designed to produce economically a 
wide variet}' of papers, and in so doing to utilize 
all of the available raw materials. 

The plant has been developed from the best 
American practice, modified to take advantage of 
many European methods of value. Li this connec- 
tion the aid of the company's officials and staff has 
been of greatest service to the engineers. 

The docking facilities for deep water shipment are 
especially advantageous, and a private siding con- 
nects the Southeastern & Chatham Railway with 
the mill, so that shipments may be received or sent 
by either rail or water. 

Referring to the general plan and perspective, 
a fair idea of the magnitude of this plant may be 
had. On the plan the full lines denote the buildings 
that have been erected for the present installation, 
the dotted lines, buildings necessary to provide for 
future extensions. 

The arrangement of this plant reduces the hand- 
ling of raw materials to a minimum and attention 
has been paid to cleanliness of product, a factor of 
great importance in the European trade, particularly 
in the grades manufactured by the company — high- 
grade decorative papers. 



Messrs. AVm. B. Bryan, M. Inst. C. E., Chief Engi- 
neer of Metropolitan Water Board, London, and 
B. W. Bryan, C. E., were retained as consulting 
engineers in connection with the water supply 
because of their experience in the handling of the 
underground water supplies of vicinity of London. 

The personal comforts of the employees have also 
received especial attention, the Company having 
built a number of model cottages for their work 
people. Besides the cottages, a well-appointed 
kitchen and two dining rooms have been arranged. 
There are also recreation grounds and gardens. 

Water Supply. — The natural formation of the 
ground in the south of England is that of immense 
chalk deposits, which, sponge-like, carry enormous 
quantities of clear water within easy pumping dis- 
tance from the surface of the ground. 

Surveys and borings were made and a suitable 
spot for a Pumping Station was found about i^ 
miles inland from the mill. A well, 14' o" in 
diameter was sunk through the chalk to a depth 
of about 75' o" below ground level. From the sur- 
face of the ground down to within 4' 6" above the 
rest level of the water in the chalk, the sides of the 
well are lined with brickwork, the remaining 31' o" 
to the bottom of the well being lined with cast iron 
rings, thus forming a cast iron cylinder. 

2.2' o" from the bottom of the well is a cast iron 
floor, constituting a water-tight bulkhead on Avhich 




INGRESS ABBEY MILLS, WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD., GREENHITHE, KENT, ENGLAND. 



y\— 




SECTION LF 




fiu 



SECTION JK 



GENERAL SECTIONS. 



Ingress Abbey JNIills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



10 




GENERAL PLAN. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 




CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe. Kent, England. 







CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



13 







CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



14 






CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 




Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall I'apLr Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



15 





GENERAL VIEWS FROM SOUTH AND EAST. Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent. England. 



16 






CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



17 





BOILER HOUSE AND CHIMNEY UNDER CONSTRUCTION. 

Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



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INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD. 



arc the puni])s. n' o" above this bulkhead is a floor 
which sujiports tlie motors. The rest level of the 
water is from four to six feet above the pumps, there- 
fore they are always primed for pumping. 

The motor floor being above the rest level of the 
water, the motors arc out of danger of possible 
flooding. 

Two pumping units have been installed, each of 
suflicicnt capacity to deliver all of the water 
required for the present installation of the mill and 
space is available for an additional unit. 

Each of these pumping units consists of a vertical 
high lift type centrifugal pump direct connected to 
and driven l)y a vertical induction motor, together 
with the necessary float control devices, switches, 
etc. The current for driving these motors is trans- 
formed at the Power House at the mill from 440 
volts to 2300 volts, and conducted to the well by an 
underground electric transmission line, and used in 
the motors at the latter potential. 

The operation of the pumping motors is practi- 
cally automatic. By means of switches either unit 
may be set to start and stop with the variations in 
level of the water in the reservoir. At the reservoir 
are floats which control pilot switches, which, 
through a low voltage line between the reservoir 
and the well, control the operation of starting resist- 
ances in the 2300 volt pumping motors. The 2300 
volt circuit is impressed on the stator or primar}' 



side of the motors and is controlled by no-volt and 
overload circuit breakers and oil switches. 

About half a mile from the well and in a direct 
line between the well and the mill, is an eminence of 
ground, on the top of which a storage reservoir, hold- 
ing approximately 500,000 gallons has been built. 

The water from the pumps is delivered into this 
reservoir through a 15" main, and then by a gravity 
flow through an 18" main it is brought to the mill. 
The elevation of the reservoir is such that a gravity 
pressure of 65 lbs. per square inch is available at 
first floor level at the mill. 

Wharf, Jetty and Pier. — These afford an economical 
handling of raw materials and finished product, and 
are arranged to do a general wharfing business 
beside the work for this mill. 

The Avharf is 625' o" long by 32' o" wide and 
connected with the shore by three approaches, 
32' o" wide. 

About midway between the two end wings of the 
wharf, the jetty extends out into the river 411' o" 
long and 28' o" in width. 

The pier is 300' o" long by 46' o" wide and the 
depth of water is sufficient to allow vessels drawing 
20' o" of water to come alongside at the lo\vest flow 
of the tide. 

A large traveling transporter tower with elec- 
trically driven hoists and winches unload vessels 
bringing raw materials and coal. This tower is of 
structural steel construction, 40' o" by 30' o" at the 




WHARF JETTY AND PIER (ROOF OF STOREHOUSES IN FOREGROUND). 

• ~i! J Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS. LTD. 



base and loo' o" high. There are two swinging 
booms 66' o" up from the deck level so arranged 
that they may be swung out on either side of the 
pier so as to discharge vessels berthed on either side. 

An electrically driven, double track, 24" gauge, 
endless cable railway operating a number of flat 
top cable cars has been provided to transport raw 
materials to warehouses. Numerous sidings and 
turnouts have been provided along the entire length 
of the pier and at the warehouses so that the main 
tracks are not blocked by cars awaiting loading and 
unloading. The platforms of the cable cars are 
removable and serve as skips of large capacity, the 
raw materials being loaded directly on to these 
platforms within the hold of the ship. 

In order to separate the coal from the other in- 
coming materials on account of the dirt and dust, 
another electrically driven industrial railway has 
been provided. This railway extends from the coal 
receiving tower to the coal bunkers, which are 
located within the boiler house, over the steam 
boilers, and is supported the entire distance by a 
structural steel trestle. 

The unloading and loading of barges and other 
small craft is carried on at the wharf. At the east 
end of the wharf there is a 7-ton stationary steam 
derrick crane, with a 75' o" steel jib for unloading 
and loading small craft. For those berthed along 
the face of the wharf, a 5-ton locomotive crane is 
available. 



A branch of the works' railway system extends 
the entire length of the wharf, and material to and 
from the wharf is conveyed by the works' locomotive 
and cars. 

Raw Material Warehouses. — On the foreshore an 
embankment has been made, extending from the 
original river wall to the front and ends of the 
wharf, thus reclaiming the area enclosed by the 
wharf, while at the same time leveling the back land, 
and it is upon this embankment that the warehouses 
for all of the various raw materials and chemicals 
are located. 

For the present installation three warehouses have 
been built, each 200' o" long by 62' o" wide by 30' o" 
high, and space is available upon the embankment 
for three more of the same size. The location of 
the warehouses is such that the various raw 
materials are stored in direct line from wharf to 
preparation department of mill. 

In the open space, between the Esparto, Rag and 
Paper Warehouses on the one side, and the Wood 
Pulp Warehouse on the other, are located the main 
tracks and sidings of the raw material cable railway. 
This arrangement allows of the handling of incoming 
material directly into storage in the respective 
warehouses, and as the convevors taking the 
materials to the mill proper are located at the other 
ends of these buildings, the raw materials are 
always being moved forward. 




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INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD. 



For unloading tlie cable cars and handling the 
materials within the Avarehouses two 5-ton traveling 
electric cranes have been installed, and for trans- 
ferring these cranes to the various crane bays a 
transfer crane is provided. 

At each end of the Wood Pulp Warehouse is a 
raised platform, on which wood pulp going forward 
to the mill is unbaled and then placed on the con- 
veyors which take it to the Beater and Bleach Build- 
ings. These conveyors are' of the flat belt type, 
48" wide, motor driven. 

For taking the colors to the color room and the 
clay, alum, size, etc., to their mixing room, located 
on the fifth floor of the Rotary Building, a two-ton 
electric elevator has been installed with entrance 
from the Wood Pulp Warehouse. 

A portion of the Esparto Warehouse has been 
partitioned off by reinforced concrete walls and 
ceiling, thus forming a dusting room where the 
Esparto is first unbaled and fed through a duster 
which in turn discharges the dusted Esparto on to 
a 4-prong belt conveyor 48" wide, which conveys it 
to the kier charging room in the Esparto Building. 

A 48" wide belt conveyor with oak flights spaced 
every four feet has been installed for taking the bales 
of rags and old papers from their storage to the 
sorting room in the Esparto Building. 

Power Plant. — The present equipment of the mill 
requires about 2200 boiler horse power, which has 
been provided for by the installation of 8 horizontal 



water tube boilers. These boilers are arranged in 
four batteries of two each, there being two batteries 
on each side of the Boiler House, with a passage- 
way between them. Over this central passageway 
are the coal valves, operated from floor level, 
through which the coal from the coal bunkers over- 
head is discharged, by gravity, into weighing hop- 
pers, which record the amount of coal going to each 
boiler, and then on to the feeding hoppers of the 
stokers. Each boiler furnace is equipped Avith a 
chain grate stoker, driven by chain from a motor 
driven line shaft located beneath the floor. 

Along the sides of the Boiler House, and at the 
rear of the boilers are the smoke flues and fuel 
economizers, each two batteries of boilers having 
its own economizer. 

The chimney, 255' o" in height with an 8' o" dia- 
meter flue, is located at one end of the Boiler House 
so as to become central when the future extensions 
are built. Another chimney will be provided on 
opposite side of building, these extensions calling 
for an exact duplicate of the present equipment. 

Opposite the chimney, and to the west of the 
boilers are two duplex plunger steam pumps. 

Between the feed pumps and the chimney is a 
large open hot Avell and heater which is used for the 
collection of such hot water drainage as is suitable 
for boiler feed purposes. 

Beneath the central passageway of the Boiler 
House is the ash tunnel, into which the ashes are 



24 




BOILER ROOM— FEED PUMPS AND PIPING. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



25 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD. 



drawn from the boiler ash pits and then carried away 
in cars wliich are raised to ground level by an elec- 
trically drivcTT elevator located at the eastern end 
of the ash tunnel. 

At the other end of this tunnel and underneath 
the space occupied by the boiler feed pumps and 
the open heater are two additional rooms, in one of 
which is a 40 K. W. steam driven alternator which 
provides current for stokers, and the small amount 
of lighting- required Avhen the mill is not in opera- 
tion. The other room is used for boiler testing 
purposes and contains weighing scales and tanks 
for measuring accurately the amount of water 
used in making evaporative tests on any of the 
boilers. 

The fresh water supply is hard and requires treat- 
ment before feeding to the boilers. A water softening 
plant of 6,600 gallons per hour capacity has been 
installed, and the softened water is pumped to a 
storage tank on the top of the Fire Pump House, 
and from there is supplied through a series of feed 
water heaters and economizers to the boilers. 

Steam is drawn from the boilers into a 12" dia- 
meter main steam header which encircles the Boiler 
House. Branches from this header distribute the 
steam to the Preparatory Department, the fire 
pumps and to the Paper Making Department and 
Power House. 

All of the high pressure drainage is automatically 
returned direct to the boilers by a gravity return 



system, while the low pressure drainage is returned 
through the open heater and hot well mentioned 
before. 

Connecting the Boiler House with the Machine 
Building is an elevated covered passageway, and 
continuing at the same level across the Machine 
Building basement to the Engine House is an open 
gallery, the two serving as a connecting link between 
the Boiler and Engine Houses. All of the steam 
mains and return piping to and from the Boiler and 
Engine Houses as well as the electrical conductors 
from the Engine House to the various parts of the 
mill run along this passage. The controlling valves 
and switches for distributing the steam and elec- 
trical current from these mains are located within 
easy reach from it. 

This passageway is a feature of the Power Plant. 
It centralizes the controlling valves and switches 
and facilitates supervision of this department. (See 
section of Machine Building opposite page.) 

To the south of the gallery are the steam engines 
driving the Paper Machines. These are duplex, 
each composed of two I2"x26" simple non-conden- 
sing engines, of the variable speed type, and built 
to run at any speed between 40 and 160 revolutions 
per minute. 

On the north of the passageway is a 22" x 44" x 48" 
Corliss type, horizontal cross compound condensing 
engine driving the line shafting in the first story of 
the Beating Engine Building. 



26 



The Power Distribution Gallery 



26a 




POWER DISTRIBUTION GALLERY. 

UNDER MAIN FLOOR MACHINE ROOM. AND CONNECTING BOILER AND ENGINE ROOMS. 

Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



26b 



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Condenszr 
MACHINE BUILDING AND POWER DISTRIBUTION GALLERY. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



27 




VJellofCondenslnqVJafen 
SECTION MAIN POWER ROOM. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



28 




MAIN POWER ROOM. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



29 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS. LTD. 



To the west of the Machine Building is the Engine 
House. Here are located two 400 K. W. direct con- 
nected generating units, while space is provided for 
an additional unit of the same size. These generators 
are three phase alternating current machines and 
de\-elop a potential of 440 volts, the working- 
pressure of the electrical system. Thev are direct 
connected to 18" x 38" x 42" horizontal cross com- 
pound condensing- steam engines. The condensers 
for these steam engines are located in the basement 
of the Engine House. 

The cooling Avater for these condensers as well 
as for the beater engine condensers is obtained 
from the Thames. 

Located outside the Engine House are two rein- 
forced concrete sump wells, which alternately serve 
as suction and discharge wells for the condensers. 
From the bottom of each of these sump wells and 
extending out into the Thames is a 36" diameter 
pipe, the invert of each being 3' o" below extreme 
low tide, and as each pipe is used for suction and 
discharge they are level the entire distance from the 
well to their outlet in the river. The river ends of 
these pipes are laid well apart to avoid the short 
circuiting of the warm discharge water into the 
suction pipe and a further precaution was taken 
by arranging to change the direction of flow in 
these pipes with the ebb and flow of each tide. 
On the suction and discharge pipes of each of 
these condensers are hydraulically operated gate 



valves which are opened and closed respectively by 
the n-iovement of a small multiported cock located on 
the main floor of the Engine House. (See diagram 
of piping.) This multiported cock allows water 
pressure to act on the proper sides of the pistons 
which move the hydraulic valves, the whole move- 
ment of the six valves being simultaneous and 
accomplished in less than one minute. 

Besides the two 400 K. W. units nientioned above 
there are also two 75 K. W. generating units direct 
connected to and driven by high speed vertical non- 
condensing engines and a 75 K. A\^ motor driven 
exciter. One of these 75 K. \\". steam sets is for 
supplying alternating- current for operating such 
machinery as is required on Sundays and holidays, 
the other steam set being used as a rela}^ to the 
motor exciter set which excites the fields of the large 
generators. 

In front of the main generators is an eleven-panel 
switchboard with a very complete installation of 
switch'es, circuit breakers and meters for controlling 
the electrical current and distributing it to the 
various points about the mill. 

The electrical distribution for power is a three- 
phase three-wire system which has 440 volts across 
any two wires. From the main switchboard in the 
Engine House, feeders supply the current to a 
number of subsidiary switchboards located at dis- 
tributing centres in various parts of the mill, and 
from these switchboards branches radiate to the 



30 




PAPER MACHINE ENGINE. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



31 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD. 



motors, each of which is protected by a switch and a 
set of fuses in addition to the motor starting switch. 
With tlie exception of ^•aria1)le sj)eed drives of the 
paj^er machines and the equipment driven from the 
Hne sliafting- in the lieater Room basement, all of 
tlie various machinery is motor driven. There are 
about 50 motors in the present installation, ranging 
from 2 H. P. to 150 H. P. principally of the "squirrel 
cage'" induction type. 

Both alternating and direct current are used for 
lighting; the general illumination is by metallic fila- 
ment incandescent lamps on the alternating current, 
except in the Beater Room, Machine Room and the 
Office. 

Preparatory Department. — This department of the 
plant is designed to produce a large variety of 
papers from the many kinds of raw materials. 

The Esparto, Bleach, and Rotary Buildings may 
be regarded as one building. 234' long by 78' wide, 
as the floors are at the same elevations. The Caus- 
ticizing and Recovery Building is divided into a 
Rotary Furnace room 114' long by 64' wide, one 
story high, and a Causticizing Room 80' long by 64' 
wide, two stories high, in one corner of which is the 
Evaporating Room, 50' long by 25' wide, three 
stories high. The Color Room extends as a bridge 
over the passage between the Beater Building and 
the Wood Pulp Warehouse, upon the level of the 
main floor of the Beater Building. 

The first three floors of the Esparto Building 



contain the greater part of the equipment of the 
Esparto preparing plant, including a battery of seven 
l:)oiling kiers 9' in diameter by 9' high, conveyors, 
feeding tanks, breakers, drum washers, kollergangs, 
storage chests, etc., for the proper treatment of 
Esparto for bleaching. The top floor of this building 
is utilized for the unbaling and sorting of rags and 
old papers. There is also ample space available on 
this floor for storing a quantity of sorted rags and 
old papers before sending forward to the rag and 
paper dusting room. 

The third and fourth floors of the Bleach Building 
are devoted to further treatment of rags and old 
papers. On the top floor are the rag and paper 
dusters, the rag cutters, and dust collecting system. 
The rags and old papers are discharged to belt con- 
veyors, which distribute them to the storage bins. 

Pulps requiring bleaching are brought from the 
warehouse by a 48" belt conveyor to the second floor 
of the Bleach Building, passed through a kneader, 
and discharged into a storage tank, from which it is 
pumped to the bleaching towers. The rest of the 
space on the first and second floors of this building 
is devoted to the Bleaching Plant. 

Five bleach towers for Esparto and four for chemi- 
cal fibre have been installed, with space available 
for two Esparto and three fibre towers more when 
the future equipment is installed. The previously 
prepared Esparto and wood fibre is pumped from 
receiving chests to the first of the series of bleaching 



32 





33 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD. 



towers by a 12-inch circulator pump, which circu- 
lates the pulp within the tower and then passes it 
along- to the next, and finally to stufif chests, of which 
there are two for Esparto pulp and two for wood 
pulp. 

On the second floor of this building are the rotary 
boilers for treating rags and old papers. The 
treated rags and papers from rotary boilers are then 
taken to the washers, located on the main floor of 
the Beater Building, and after being washed are 
pumped to rifflers and screens, from which they flow 
to the wet machines. 

On the first floor of the Rotary Building of this mill 
is an installation of w^et machines arranged in units 
of two each, and so piped as to be available 
for bleached Esparto pulp, for bleach sulphite 
and soda pulp and for half stock from rags or old 
papers. 

It is to these wet machines that all raw materials 
entering the preparatory department finally come, 
to be taken ofif in web or leaf as prepared half stuff 
ready to be sent direct to the beaters or placed in 
storage. 

The fourth and fifth floors of the Rotary Building 
are devoted to the preparation and storage of various 
liquors, such as bleach, alum, size and clay. These 
materials are brought to the fifth floor of this 
building direct from their storage by a two-ton 
electric lift, and without being carried into the mill. 

On the fourth floor, and immediately below the 



various mixing tanks, are the storage tanks for the 
prepared liquors. These are at a sufficient elevation 
to give a gravity flow to the smaller measuring tanks 
over the beaters and bleaching towers. 

The Color Room is devoted entirely to the storage 
and mixing of colors. A complete installation of 
color mixing equipment has been put in and the 
usual dirt and vapors occasioned and arising from 
the mixing of colors in the Beater Room are avoided. 

Paper Making Department. — Although laid out for 
five paper machines, with the exception of the main 
line shaft in the Beater Building, the arrangement 
of each paper machine with its power units, beaters, 
refiners, pumps, chests, piping and other accessories, 
is such that each machine is independent of the 
others. 

Adjoining the Rotary Building is the Beater 
Building. This building is 255' long by 78' wide, 
and two stories high, an addition being required 
when the future paper machines are installed. In 
the northeast corner of the basement, midway 
between the first and second floors, is a gallery 
90' long by 19' wide, on which are located pulpers 
of the cone breaker type, one for each paper 
machine. A 48" belt conveyor connects the pulper 
platform with the unbaling platform in the Wood 
Pulp Warehouse, and brings from storage to the 
mill various wood pulps not requiring bleaching. 
The pulp is passed through the pulpers and then 
discharged into chests, from Avhich it is pumped 



34 




CONE BREAKERS FOR OPENING DRY GROUND WOOD PULP. 

Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



35 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS. LTD. 



direct to the beaters. It is possible to have prepared 
stock ready to be pumped to the beater as soon as 
a l)cater is let down. The saving of time in filling 
the beaters will be readily appreciated. 

On the main floor are nine 1200-pound beaters, 
four 1600-pound washers with 4-cylinder washers 
each for washing old paper stock, and one 1300- 
pound washer for rag stock, and the motor-driven 
Jordan engines. 

At right angles to the Beater Building is the 
Machine Building, 270' long by 144' wide, with an 
extension of 91' long by 32' wide at the Finishing 
Building end. This building is two stories high, 
having the paper machines on the second floor, the 
pumps, chests, piping, drives, etc., on the first floor. 

Each machine has two vertical reinforced chests, 
12' in diameter, which extend up through the main 
floor and are open at the top. 

The fourdrinier end of the No. 4 machine has been 
equipped with a new device for raising and lowering 
the entire wet end. 

For dealing with the effluent water, each machine 
is equipped with a large settling tank, to which the 
water from the couch pits is pumped. These tanks 
are at a sufftcient elevation to allow of a gravity flow 
of the recovered stock to the beaters, and the 
overflow water is used in the pulpers, beaters and 
refiners. 

A complete equipment of calendars, reels, slitters, 
and double drum rewinders has been installed for 



each machine and the paper is delivered to the 
Finishing Building ready for wrapping and shipping. 

For dealing with the broke, pulpers have been 
installed on platforms underneath the passageway 
in front of the machines, the broke being dropped 
through an opening in the main floor to these plat- 
forms. Underneath these pulpers are storage chests, 
into which the pulped broke is discharged, and from 
which it is pumped to the beaters. 

The constant line shafting for each machine is 
motor driven. The variable portion of the machines 
are driven by an improved drive with continuous 
rope drive, counter shafting, etc., in the basement. 

At the end of the Machine Building is the Finish- 
ing Building, 182' long by 92' wide and four stories 
high. The first floor is used as a shipping room, 
and the arrangement for tracks on each side the 
full length of this building greatly facilitates the 
handling of material by railway and to boats lying 
at the pier. 

Miscellaneous. — A system of settling tanks, filters 
and other accessories has been installed for recover- 
ing the waste fibres contained in the effluent waters. 
Besides the white water settling tanks in the 
Machine Room, four "j^" effluent filters have been 
put in, one of which is on the first floor of the 
Machine Building, into which is piped all white 
water overflows, as well as all washing up waters 
from the settling tanks, and various chests. The 
other three filters are on the first floor of the Esparto 



36 




A CORNER IN THE ROTARY BOILER ROOM. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



37 




BEATING ENGINE ROOM. 



Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper JIanufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



38 




PORTION OF MACHINE ROOM. 



Ingress Abbej' Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



39 



INGRESS ABBEY MILLS OF THE WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, LTD. 



lUiilding, and deal with all effluent and wash- 
outs from the Reater, Rotary, Bleach and Esparto 
Buildings. 

For general repair work, exceedingly well equipped 
Smithy and Machine shops have been provided. The 
Machine Shop is on the first floor of the Machine 
Building, underneath the dry end of the No. i and 
No. 2 Paper Machines, and contains electrically 
driven lathes, radial drills, shaper and planer, and 
other incidental metal and wood working machin- 
ery, also a roll grinder 150" wide. The Smithy is 
42' long by 28' wide, one story in height, and con- 
tains two large forges with electrically driven air 
blasts, power hammer, etc. 

For fire protection purposes, there are two 1000 



gallon Underwriter fire pumps, a 10,000 gallon 
sprinkler tank, and a complete system of hydrants 
and sprinklers. The fire pumps are in the Fire Pump 
House adjoining the Boiler House, with an inde- 
pendent steam supply from the main steam header 
above the boilers, while the sprinkler tank is on the 
top of the elevator tower adjoining the Wood Pulp 
Warehouses. 

The Chemical and Physical Laboratories are on the 
ground floor of the Office Building. The equipment 
is most complete and up to date, affording not only 
a regular examination of the whole range of raw 
materials, chemicals, fuels and general supplies, but 
unusual facilities in a "laboratory" paper mill. 



40 




FILTERS FOR RECOVERY OF STOCK FROM EFFLUENT. 

Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



41 



SPANISH RIVER PULP AND PAPER CO., LTD., ESPANOLA, ONTARIO, CANADA. 



'J1io mill is on the S]);uiish Ri\-cr, 22 miles from its 
mouth, and also on a branch of the Canadian Pacific 
Hy., 120 miles from Sault Ste. Marie. A tract of 
6,000 sc). miles of generally timbered country is 
tributary to it, from which it has been estimated 
that a sufficient amount of spruce wood is available 
by ri\er dri\ing to last 50 years. 

The present installation consists of a hydraulic 
development having a net capacity of 10,500 h.p. 
and a pulp mill with an actual daily production 
of 150 tons. While the works and buildings of 
this initial installation are for the production of 
ground wood pulp only, they were designed in such 
manner that extensions for the manufacture of paper 
and sulphite pulp may be made without serious 
interference with the operation of the mill. 

Wafer Poivcr. — The watershed of the Spanish 
River and its tributaries extends from the Height 
of Land to Lake Huron and is one of the two 
largest drainage areas tributary to that lake on the 
north, covering approximately 4,500 sq. miles. As 
this region has not been sufficiently surveyed, much 
is left to be inferred in regard to its exact area and 
character. 

A flow of 2,750 cu. ft. per second can be maintained 
by a moderate expenditure for storage dams on the 
headwaters of the streams. Such a flow would result 
in a permanent 24-hr. power of 15,000 h.p., net, on 
the Avheel shafts, with a 60-ft. head and 80 per cent, 
efficiency, and this is the amount of power provided 
for by the plans for the original plant. 



A falls, consisting of a main sheer leap of 24^ 
ft., Avith rapids above and below this leap, giving 
an aggregate total drop of 28 ft., existed at the site 
before construction was begun. This fall was over 
granite rock in a narrow gorge, which was a great 
advantage to the completed structure, but which 
presented much difficulty during the construction 
Avork. 

The dam raises the water level 32 ft. at the lowest 
stage of the river. It has a cross-section of the 
Ogee type, with the upstream face in slightly bat- 
tered steps, and in plan is arched upstream like the 
arc of a circle, having a radius of 187 ft., the long 
chord of the arc being 200 ft. The dam raises the 
water so as to develop a total head of 60 ft., the 
reservoir formed by it overflowing land 5 to 6 miles 
upstream. The arched type of structure was adopted 
to provide an additional spillway for flood flows as 
well as to secure anchorage to the solid rock abut- 
ments at each end of it. The hydraulic works above 
the dam were designed for a raise of 10 ft. of water 
over the crest of the latter. 

A canal, with its headworks about 300 ft. from the 
south end of the dam, was cut through the high 
ground between the reservoir and the mill, with a 
total length of about 400 ft. This canal terminates 
in a foreba}^, from which water is delivered to the 
wheels by penstocks. It was excavated partly in rock 
and partly in clay soil, the entire side next to the river 
being on a rock foundation, while the other side is 



42 




GENERAL VIEW. 



Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Espanola, Ontario, Canada. 



43 



SAWMILL 




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naDDaannDDnnnaEi 



GENERAL PLAN. 



Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Espanola, Ontario, Canada. 



44 



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PLAN AND SECTIONS. 



Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Espanola, Ontario, Canada. 



45 





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47 



SPANISH RIVER PULP AND PAPER CO., LTD., ESPANOLA, ONTARIO, CANADA 



sloped l);ick inland in the soil and is well riprapped 
to avoid sconr. 'J"he eharacter of the ledge was such 
that the amount of excavation taken from the canal 
was governed by the quantity of sand and rock 
required for the concrete necessary to build the dam 
and the foundations of the various structures. Clay 
from which all brick was made was also obtained 
from the canal excavation. The cross-section of the 
canal was to be 45 ft. wide on the bottom, with a 
vertical face in the rock on the river side and a 
ly'z : I slope in the clay, the depth of water being 
12 ft. The canal was not finished in accordance 
with the plans, however, and will require some 
further excavation when the ultimate development 
is made. At the entrance of the canal suitable gates 
are provided for drawing the water from it in case of 
emergency. 

The forebay at the end of the canal is formed by 
a concrete wall containing the various openings for 
flood discharge and for penstocks. Two fiood dis- 
charge openings are placed at one end of this wall, 
each 20 ft. wide and controlled by stop logs. Con- 
siderable quantities of saw-logs are driven down the 
river, in addition to the logs used in this mill, but 
are diverted from the canal by a log boom and are 
passed over a sluice built at one end of the dam. At 
the other end of the forebay wall from the discharge 
openings are six openings for penstocks leading to 
the water wheels. Five steel penstocks have been 
installed each 10 ft. in diameter and a sixth will be 



added when the proposed extension is made. Each 
penstock is controlled by hand-operated gates placed 
in the forebay wall. 

The installation of water wheels consists of five 
pairs of 39-in. horizontal turbines of about 2,100 
h.p. each, with provision for a sixth pair of the same 
capacity. 

The general plan of the development and mill 
shows the existing structures as cross-hatched, while 
the proposed extensions are shown by dotted lines. 
The site is fairly level from the edge of the log 
pond, almost to the upper end of the main building 
of the mill, thus providing considerable space for the 
storage of wood. The wood-preparing building is at 
the downstream edge of this level space. 

The raising of the level of the stream about 32 ft. 
by the construction of the dam overflowed a large 
tract of low land, forming an excellent log pond, 
with a capacity of about 20,000 cords of wood. In 
front of this pond there is suitable booming ground 
for the separation of the logs for the mill from 
those intended for operators below. This large 
storage capacity is especially valuable, because the 
open water season in the river is about seven months 
only, so that it is economical to saw and pile the 
entire year's cut in 2-ft. lengths during this short 
season. 

A 30 X 30-ft. building about 50 ft. from the edge of 
the pond contains the sawing rig, and the logs are 
delivered by means of a chain jack ladder. This 



48 




HEADGATES AND PENSTOCKS. 



Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Espanola, Ontario, Canada. 



49 



SPANISH RIVER PULP AND PAPER CO., LTD., ESPANOLA, ONTARIO, CANADA 



chain is controlled by one man, who also operates 
a kicker at the end of the chain that delivers the 
logs to an alligator-chain table and lines up the 
logs so that their head ends follow a regular line to 
the saws. The logs are cut in the woods approxi- 
mately the right length and are trimmed to an exact 
length of i6 ft., plus a slight allowance for sawdust 
loss in the cuts that are made afterwards. The logs 
are then cut into 2-ft. lengths by saws in parallel. 
Alligator chains are used throughout this opera- 
tion, the logs being literally dragged through the 
revolving saws. Freedom from friction at the 
saws is obtained by means of a vertical knife- 
edge spreader fixed behind each saw, by means of 
which spreader the pieces are separated about 2 in. 
immediately after leaving the saws, the chains sliding 
transversely on the structural channels which support 
them. The 6o-in. slasher saws installed are driven 
by a i20-h.p. motor. The dust produced by the saws 
is blown through a loin. pipe to a pile near the river, 
where it is burned. This saw plant is at present 
driven electrically with power generated in the mill, 
as under the existing conditions there is power to 
spare. Whenever the demand for power in the mill 
becomes great enovigh, however, to reqviire the 
amount available, a steam plant supplied with 
power from boilers fired with refuse sawdust will 
be installed. 

A wooden pole trestle, 65 ft. high and 600 ft. long, 
extends across the storage space from the saw 
house toward the wood-preparing building. 



Under the trestle is space for storage of 60,000 
cords of wood, an amount sufficient to operate the 
mill through the closed season. 

The 2-ft. lengths of wood are reclaimed from the 
storage pile by reversing the conveyor which 
delivers them to that pile. 

Eleven men can easily handle the entire wood- 
handling operation, taking from the water, sawing and 
piling in the storage space 5,000 to 6,000 logs in ten 
hours of operation. In fact, the apparatus is so well 
adapted to the work for which it was provided that 
handling, sawing and piling of logs in 2-ft. lengths 
are done at a total cost for labor and all expenses of 
less than ten cents per cord. 

The barked logs are dropped through a chute into 
a tank in the grinder room. 

The main buildings of the present mill consist of 
a grinder room, a machine room, and a temporary 
building. The location of the grinder room was 
governed largely by the water-power development, 
while the position of the remainder of the equipment 
of the mill depended largely upon the arrangement 
of the apparatus in that room. 

The grinder room is 90 x 146 ft. in plan and 
contains four pairs of special horizontal turbines, 
each pair of turbines being direct-connected to 
six three-pocket wood-grinding machines. These 
machines are arranged three on either side of the 
pair of wheels. This arrangement appeared to be 
most desirable in view of the high speed and power 
developed by the ordinary turbines at 60-ft. head. 



50 




WOOD SAWING PLANT. 



Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Espanola, Ontario, Canada. 



51 



SPANISH RIVER PULP AND PAPER CO., LTD., ESPANOLA, ONTARIO, CANADA 



A traveling crane of short span has also been 
installed to command each set of twelve grinding 
machines, so that grinders, stones and shafting in 
all parts of the room can be handled by these cranes. 

The division walls of the tail-races are placed di- 
rectly under the grinder shafts, so that an absolutely 
rigid foundation is secured, which reduces the liability 
to accident and repairs and also cuts down materially 
the cost of floor construction. In fact, the operation 
of the mill for the first two years has shown a total 
repair account for the grinder room and water-power 
development of less than $200. No repairs have 
been made except on Sundays, as the grinders have 
operated 24 hours a day, six days a week, during that 
period without a breakdown. 

The machine room is go ft. wide by 211 ft. long 
and contains the fifth pair of turbines, which dis- 
charge into a tail-race under the grinder room. Thi? 
pair of turbines is placed at right angles to the 
grinder wheels and provides power for screens, wet 
machines, pumps for stock and water, a rotary fire 
pump and all the electrical apparatus for power and 
lighting the mill and village. 

In a gallery of the machine room are 36 ten- 
plate screens of the diaphragm type and a pair 
of centrifugal screens for tailings from these 
diaphragm screens. Stock is delivered to the latter 
from the storage tank under the grinder room by a 
centrifugal pump. The stock passes through the wet 
machines and is delivered from them in sheets which 



contain about 70 per cent, water. The trucks are 
then placed in hydraulic presses, and the moisture 
reduced to about 35 per cent, water by heavy 
pressure. 

The loaded trucks of pressed pulp are hauled 
from the hydraulic presses to the foot of an 
elevator outside of the machine room, at the edge 
of the hill back of the mill building, and are raised 
to the level of the higher ground upstream from the 
building. At this level a runway extends to a ship- 
ping room, with connections to the railroad. It is 
also possible to have a cableway conveyor to load 
directly to boats at a landing at the river, or a spur 
track may be built to the wharf and the shipping 
room. 

The buildings of the mill are heated by steam 
from three 6oin. by i8-ft. tubular boilers, fired by the 
shavings delivered to them from the wood-preparing 
building. The excess of these shavings is carried to 
a pile outside of the limits of the buildings and 
burned. 

As the mill was isolated, it was necessary to 
erect houses for the operatives and others con- 
nected with it. The various buildings have connec- 
tions with a water-works system and are lighted by 
electricity furnished from the mill. 

The chief feature of the construction work was 
the building of the dam across the narrow gorge 
from which a large volume of water had to be 
diverted. After several futile attempts had been 



52 




GRINDER ROOM (24 GRINDERS). 



Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Espanola, Ontario, Canada. 



53 



SPANISH RIVER PULP AND PAPER CO., LTD., ESPANOLA, ONTARIO, CANADA 



made to erect a cofiferdani which would have suffi- 
cient stability to raise the water level of the pond 
on the upstream side of it high enough to divert the 
flow through the canal, and at the same time be 
tight enough to un-water the site of the dam so 
that work could be handled with a reasonable amount 
of pumping, the contract was abandoned. The 
work was then taken up by force account under the 
direction of the engineers. 

As the mininnnn low-water season occurs between 
December 15 and March 15 of each winter, the 
decision was made to undertake the construction of 
the dam during this season, notwithstanding the fact 
that the temperature frequently reaches 40 deg. 
below zero, and for long periods rarely rises 
above zero. 

As soon as the dam site was un-watered the 
excellent trap rock foundation of the dam was 
thoroughly cleared of an overlying stratum of clay 
and soil and the concrete work started. The rock and 
sand excavated from the canal were of especially 
good character for concrete. Two i-yd. cubical con- 
crete mixers were set up, one in a mixing plant at 
each end of the dam, in a position which would 
enable them to discharge into skips that were 
hauled on flat cars on an industrial track extending 
from the mixing plant to within the range of guyed 
derricks used in handling the materials for the con- 
struction of the dam. As all of the concrete was laid 
in the coldest of weather, the sand and water used in 



it were heated to a temperature of about 90 degrees 
Fahrenheit by means of live steam supplied by the 
boiler of the mixing plant. The concrete was deliv- 
ered to place in the dam as rapidly as possible after 
leaving the mixer, and was then thoroughly pro- 
tected against frost, so that the temperature of the 
concrete when placed was about 50 deg. Fahr. Work 
Avas started at both ends of the dam simultaneously, 
the sections of which were carried up with irregular 
surfaces and faces to prevent the formation of hori- 
zontal or vertical planes of cleavage, since a small 
section of the dam was not closed until later, in order 
that such water as leaked through the cofferdam 
could be readily carried across the site. The junction 
between the various sections was also made by 
means of large stone imbedded in the concrete, the 
latter being made in the proportions of i part 
cement, 3 parts sand and 5 parts broken stone, with 
the large stone imbedded in it. These stone in no 
case form more than 30 per cent, of the total volume. 
Operations were carried on continuously 22 hours 
out of every 24 from the time the concrete work 
was started, about February i, until it was com- 
pleted, about March 15, although during this time 
temperatures as low as 40 degrees below zero were 
recorded and cold weather prevailed all the time. 

Since the completion of the dam it is evident 
that the concrete has in no case suffered from the 
efifects of freezing. 



54 




SCREEN AND WET MACHINE ROOM. 



Spanish River Pulp and Paper Company, Espanola, Ontario, Canada. 



55 



M. J. WHITTALL CARPET MILLS, WORCESTER, MASS. 



The Spinning and Car])et Weaving- JNTills of M. J. 
Whittall are located in Worcester, Massachusetts, 
on the banks of a httle stream furnishing a small 
amount of power and an abundance of water for 
steam boilers and condensing engines. 

The establishment is the result of a gradual 
growth of a spinning and weaving industry and 
from time to time demanded additions to its power 
equipment, which became scattered through the 
property, and numbered three separate and distinct 
boiler and engine plants. 

When the mills were still further increased by 
the addition of a large dye house, the consolidating 
of these three plants into one central station became 
of much importance, and the substitution of electri- 
cal for the mechanical transmission of power from 
the widely separated engine plants, not only saved 
considerable power, but effected an economy by the 
use of a large generating unit in place of the three 
smaller ones. 

A modern type of electric power station was 
erected on a spot centrally located with reference 
to power transmission and adjacent to a new dye 
house also erected at the same time, and which uses 
large quantities of steam furnished from the new 
power station. 

Cooling water being abundant, the compound 
condensing type of engine was selected, and as it 
was of a quality sriitable to be used in the dyeing 
process, advantage was taken of the heat which the 



condensing engine gave it by using it in the dyeing 
vats after it had passed the engine condenser. 

The system of electrical transmission adopted was 
the three phase alternating current with a potential 
of 440 volts. Induction motors of the "squirrel cage'" 
type were used. With this form of motor, all 
liability of electric sparks between stationary and 
moving parts of motors was eliminated and greatly 
reduced the hazard from fire that other systems 
might have introduced into rooms where the lint 
and dust that accumulates is of such an inflammable 
nature. 

The power house comprises two rooms, the engine 
room and the boiler room. In the engine room is a 
horizontal, cross compound condensing engine direct 
connected to an 800 K. W. alternating current 
generator. There is also a motor driven exciter 
and an engine driven exciter for exciting the revolv- 
ing fields of the 800 K. W. generator and a switch- 
board that controls the main and exciting generators 
and the curcuits feeding the mills. 

In the basement of the room are a condenser and 
air pump, an air compressor, a pressure oiling sys- 
tem, an oil separator for extracting the grease from 
the exhaust steam when under vacuum, and a motor 
driven centrifugal pump for lifting the cooling water 
from the condenser to storage tanks in the dye- 
house. 

This motor driven pump is started and stopped 
automatically by a float controlled starter located 



56 




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M. J. WHITTALL CARPET MILLS, WORCESTER, MASS. 



near the water storage tanks in the dye house some 
distance away from the pump. 

The switchboard on the main floor of the engine 
room is completely equipped with indicating and 
recording instruments as well as switches for the 
control of the electric system. 

An interesting feature in the electric system is 
the utilization of the small water-power. The water 
wheel is used to drive a 75 K. W. generator that is 
located several hundred feet away from the main 
generating station. This small generator is, however, 
arranged to be run with the large engin2 driven 
generator, and means for bringing it to proper speed 
for synchronizing is provided at the main switchboard. 
A system of push buttons controls a motor attached to 
the Lombard water wheel governor, thus regulating 
the speed. In this way, the energy from the water 
power is distributed into the general power system 
and can always be used to its full capacity. 

The boiler plant is comprised of water tube 
boilers, fuel economizers, and duplex boiler feed 
pumps. Draft is procured by a radial brick chimney. 

One end of the boiler house is devoted to the 
installation of the economizer, which is placed in an 
elevated position, thus leaving floor space beneath 
it, which is separated into three rooms. These are 
used for oil storage, toilet, and fire pump rooms, each 



being separated from the other by brick parti- 
tions. 

Alongside the economizer is a reserve flue leading 
directly from the boilers to the chimney and under 
this flue are placed the boiler feed pumps. 

Between the boiler house and the dye house is 
an underground passage through which is taken 
steam and water pipes and electric cables. At 
the floor level of this passage is placed a receiver for 
the collection of all the high pressure condensation 
which accumulates in the steam pipes. From this 
receiver the hot water is returned to the boilers 
without the aid of pumps by means of a gravity 
return system, which is entirely automatic in its 
action. 

The high pressure steam piping is arranged with 
large wrought steel bends to compensate for 
expansion and contraction, and is thoroughly lagged 
with magnesia to prevent condensation. 

The handling of ashes is facilitated by the 
erection of a large storage hopper adjacent to the 
boiler house into which ashes are raised by means 
of an elevator, and from which they are drawn 
periodically into carts and conveniently disposed of. 

Although not large, the entire plant is provided 
with the most approved equipment for the genera- 
tion of both steam and electric power, and is 
representative of its type. 



58 




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PLAN AND SECTION OF POWER PLANT. 



]\I. J. Whittall, Worcester, Mass. 



59 




BATTERY OF B. & W. BOILERS. 



M. J. Whittall, Worcester, Mass. 



60 





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ASHUELOT PAPER COMPANY, HINSDALE. N. H. 



The plant oi the Ashuelot Paper Company is a 
good example of a modern, one-machine, tissue mill, 
arranged to provide for the future installation of an 
additional machine. 

This Company was composed of several parties 
already interested in tissue manufacture. The plant 
shows what can often be clone with a small invest- 
ment. 

The site secured, on the Ashuelot River, was the 
location of a water power privilege and of a mill 
that had been burned and abandoned. The head- 
water Avas raised by an addition to the existing dam 
and a large increase in head was obtained by means 
of a long penstock and locating the mill at the lower 
end of the privilege, thus taking advantage of the 
rapids below the dam. 

The side hill location with short siding along the 
upper level gave an opportunity to carry the main 
building above the beating engines and provide 
stock storage and preparing department as well as 
temporary finishing and shipping room on the level 
of the cars on the railroad siding. The machine 



room is of one story, and the foundations were made 
by simply clearing the ledge underlying the 
entire site. 

The steam plant (boiler and engine rooms) was 
placed in the corner adjacent to beating engine base- 
ment and machine room; and the side hill was 
utilized for the coal chute and storage, making the 
handling to the boilers most convenient. 

The plant depends on water power for all except 
paper machine drives, but has a relay steam unit 
for driving beating engines when low water occurs. 
The wheel installation consists of a continuation 
of the penstocks with turbines mounted in pairs, 
and is entirely outside the buildings. The tail-race 
IS protected by a river wall, which also supports 
the wheel cases and penstocks. 

The plant is of the slow burning mill construction 
approved by the mutual insurance companies and is 
not expensive, yet has every requisite for manufac- 
turing to advantage the particular specialties of the 
company, namely, light stock papers ranging from 
toilet to railway copying and pattern. 



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MACHINE ROOM— FROM WET END. 



Ashuelot Paper Company, Hinsdale, N. H. 



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65 



ROANOKE RAPIDS POWER COMPANY, ROANOKE RAPIDS, N. C. 



The hydro-electric power development for the 
Roanoke Rapids Power Co., at Roanoke Rapids, N. 
C, was undertaken during the month of July, 1906, 
and consists of a concrete dam across the Roanoke 
River, additions and extensions to several small 
hydraulic structures that had been previously 
erected, two sets of headgates, the installation of a 
penstock, 12 feet diameter and about 750 feet long, 
the enlargement of the power canal, and the con- 
struction and equipment of a hydro-electric power 
plant. 

The installation prior to 1906 included several low 
dams, a forebay, set of headgates and a power canal. 
The improvements necessitated additions to these 
structures both for stability and for controlling the 
water, due to the increased head necessary to main- 
tain under the new conditions. 

The company can now deliver about 7500 H. P., 
about one-half of which is now being used by indus- 
tries at lower end of canal, among them a mill for 
the manufacture of chemical pulp from native pine 
and a paper mill in conjunction with the above 
mentioned pulp mill, including a mechanical ground 
wood pulp plant (see Roanoke Rapids Paper Mfg. 
Co. article), a mill producing print cotton goods 
and cotton flannels, and a mechanical pulp mill. 
These plants obtain the water for power direct from 
the canal. 

The hydro-electric power plant will furnish power 
for lighting purposes, machine shops, and for addi- 



tional industries and extensions to those in existence. 

Considerable difficulty was experienced in the 
construction of the concrete dam, which is nearly 
4000 feet long and 4 to 8 feet in height, owing to the 
immense volume of water after heavy rains, the rise 
coming suddenly upon the work. 

The site for the dam was selected with a view to 
secure a solid ledge foundation throughout at the 
least expense for construction, and, at the same time, 
to secure sufficient area at the back of the dam for 
the fliow of the stream. 

Many of the numerous islands in the river were 
used as a part of the dam, wherever they were of 
ledge formation, so that while the dam is about 
4,000 feet long, the concrete dam proper is 3,300 feet 
long, not including islands. It contains only 2,600 
cubic yards of concrete, or ^ cubic yard contents 
to foot length. 

The diverted water flows to a natural forebay 
about ij4 miles long, at the lower end of which there 
is a set of 12 lifting gates located in a stone bulk- 
head. This forebay is formed of islands and wooden 
crib dams put in as a part of the earlier development. 
The total length of the wooden dams is about 2,000 
feet (one 600 feet and one 1400 feet). These dams 
were raised 33^ feet and made secure. 

The canal proper is about one mile long. About 
% mile below the gates the hydro-electric power 
plant is located. Four sliding headgates located 
in a concrete bulkhead control the water used for 



66 




HEADGATES AND POWER STATION. 



Koanoke Rapids Power Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



67 




GENERAI, PLAN AND LAYOUT. 



Roanoke Rapids Power Companj', Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



68 





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ROANOKE RAPIDS POWER COMPANY, ROANOKE RAPIDS, N. C. 



operating- tliis ])lanl. The water is diverted to tlie 
water wheels from the canal through steel pen- 
stocks, and then into the river, the distance from 
the canal to the river being- less than loo feet. The 
working head is 30 feet. 

The foundations of the Power House are entirely 
of Portland cement concrete and rest upon solid 
ledge throughout. The superstructure is of red 
brick, with wooden roof covered with tar and gravel 
roofing, the roof being supported by steel roof 
trusses. 

The floors are of concrete and steel, upon which 
is laid a hard wood top flooring. 

The general arrangement can be seen on plan. 
The first installation consists of one pair of 39" 
McCormick turbines in a steel case mounted on 
horizontal shaft to which is direct connected a 750 
K. W. alternating current generator. 

Upon a gallery in the generator room is located 



the switchboard and all other devices for the opera- 
tion of the plant. An overhead traveling crane is 
provided for handling the generators. 

Provision has been made for the future installation 
of a duplicate of the present equipment, also for the 
addition of an auxiliary turbine in direct connection 
with each unit if required. The auxiliary plant will 
be used only during periods of extreme high water, 
when there is a material loss of head by backing up 
of tail water. 

It is possible that the developments of future power 
units will be in the nature of additional units instead 
of auxiliary ones to supplement the first units during 
freshet periods, because these periods have proved to 
be rare and of short duration. The first installation 
permits extension along either line found desirable 
and permits a possibility of 2 units of 750 K. W. and 
2 units of 500 K. W. respectively. The viltimate 
capacity of the plant will be 2,500 K. W. 



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CONSTRUCTION DETAIL. 



Roanoke Rapids Power Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



71 



THE MUNISING PAPER COMPANY, LTD., MUNISING, MICH. 



Munising, Mich., has grown largcl\- through the 
activity of the Cleveland CHffs Iron Company. Lands 
taken primarily for charcoal woods have shown 
spruce, pine, hemlock, balsam, tamarack, cedar, and 
other valuable woods, which are nowi being manufac- 
tured into lumber, shingles, telegraph poles, and 
other wood products, and the hemlock bark is being- 
used in one of the largest tanneries in the world. 
The Munising Paper Company's extensive plant is 
another link in the chain of developments of this 
company. 

]\Iunising harbor, on Lake Superior, offers excel- 
lent lake shipping facilities and unexcelled water for 
manufacturing use. The Munising Railway, another 
Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company organization, con- 
nects the village with all the principal railway lines 
of this section. 

The raw material for the proposed grades of 
papers is plentiful and excellent in quality, and labor 
conditions are satisfactory. Coal and wood refuse 
are both obtained as fuel. 

The plant of the paper company is in three 
groups of buildings: the sulphite fibre mill, the paper 
mill, and the power plant. The mill is an all steam 
plant, and electricity is the motive power of all 
sections. The mill buildings are arrano-ed to provide 
for three digesters and three paper machines, and 
two units of each were first installed. 

The sulphite mill is arranged for the manufacture 
of acid by the tower system, and to burn either 



sulphur or i)yritcs as may prove advisable, though 
the present plan is for sulphur burning. The digesters 
are fifteen feet in diameter by forty-seven feet in 
height, and produce twenty-five to thirty tons each 
per day. The location of the wood room enables a 
convenient handling of wood from the log storage 
pond, chips to the digesters, and refuse to the boilers. 

The paper mill has two 136 inch machines, and 
provision has been made- for another machine to be 
set up in the future. The power units are indepen- 
deiit of each other, so that each machine and its 
beating and Jordan engines, chests, pumps, and other 
accessory machinery practically comprise a one- 
machine mill. The same division exists in all the 
piping and accessories, both in the paper mill and 
in the sulphite mill, a feature of great merit in the 
practical operation of the plant. 

The water supply is secured by means of two 
motor-driven pumps, with a capacity of six million 
gallons per twenty-four hours. The intake is 200 feet 
out into the lake, insuring pure water at all times. 

Fire protection service is provided in a complete 
hydrant system with two 1,000 gallon underwriter 
pumps in a separate building adjacent to the boiler 
house. Inside all buildings is a wet pipe sprinkler 
system, with a 50,000 gallon tank. 

The power plant is a modern electrical power 
station, independent of all other parts of the plant 
and complete in every detail. Ten 300 H. P. boilers, 
with space for two additional, generate steam at 150 



72 




MUNISING PAPER COMPANY, LTD., MUNISING, MICHIGAN. 



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PLAN AND SECTIONS. 




Munising Paper Company, Ltd., JNIunising, Michigan. 



74 




SULPHITE FIBRE MILL. 



Munising Paper Company, Ltd., Munising, Michigan. 



75 



THE MUNISING PAPER COMPANY, LTD., MUNISING. MICH. 



pounds prcs.surc. I lie tuniaccs are designed to Ijurn 
cither wood refuse or coal under any l)oiler, ])y simj)!}- 
cliaui^ing' the grates. Each boiler has a heating 
surface of 3.068 square feet, with a grate surface of 
98 square feet for wood l)urning, and of 56 square 
feet for coal. The arrangement of a hopper over the 
l)oilcrs ijcrniits gravity feed of fuel, either wood 
or coal. 

The chimney is 11 feet by 175 feet, inside 
dimensions, and of radial perforated brick, with 
cast-iron caj). Two 20 by 40 by 42 inch engines and 
two 500 K. \\'. alternators, direct connected, with 
s])ace for a third of the same dimensions are pro- 
vided and a 50 K. \A'. alternator, Sunday unit, direct 
connected to a 1 1 by 12 inch simple engine, a steam 
exciter unit, and a motor-generator unit for direct 
current work for industrial railways, etc., about 
the plant. 

The high pressure piping is tested to 225 pounds 
warm water pressure. Fittings on high pressure 
steam pipes 2 inches and above, and on water pipes 
2^2 inches and above, are "extra heavy." Fittings 
on exhaust steam pipes and low pressure water 
pipes 2y2 inches and above are flanged and standard 
w^eight. Gaskets for steam pipes are corrugated 
copper. The valves above 3 inches have iron bodies 
with outside screw and yoke. Below 3 inches the}^ 
are of composition. The high pressure valves 
above 6 inches are double seated, and provided 
with removable bronze seats and by-pass. All high- 



pressure dri])s are returned directly to the boilers 
by means of a gravity return system. 

An alternating current equipment is used through- 
out the ])]ant, except for the needs of the tramways, 
which are operated by a 35 K. \V., 550 volt continu- 
ous current generator driven b}^ a 50 H. P., 550 volt 
alternating current motor. A Vermont marble 
switchboard, 25 feet 4 inches long, 7 feet 6 inches 
high, consists of twelve panels, four generator, 
two exciter, one regulator, fotir power feed and one 
lighting feed panel. All feeder cables outside the 
buildings run underground in terra cotta ducts; 
inside, they run overhead. The cables are covered 
with hard polished finish underwriter insulation, 
except where exposed to acid fumes, where they are 
rubber covered. 

The heating of the plant is effected by three units, 
and each consists of a direct connected engine, fan, 
and coils. Two large units heat the paper mill and 
prevent condensation; the third heats the sulphite 
mill. The motors are all three-phase 40-cycle, 550 
volts, induction motors with starting resistance 
inside the armatures. 

The decision as to the general type of construction 
and the material to be used in different portions of 
the plant, was governed by the material available, 
considered from the points of suitability and 
economy, and the character of the sites. 

The boiler house is improved over the usual paper 
mill boiler house in many ways, noticeably by the 
bunker for handling the fuel supply. 



76 




BOILER ROOM. 



JMvinising Paper Company, Ltd., Munising, Michigan. 



77 




PAPER MACHINE ENGINES. 



Munising Paper Company, Ltd., Munising, Michigan. 



78 




MAIN POWER ROOM. 



Munising Paper Company, Ltd., Munising, Michigan. 



79 



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SCREENS AND WET MACHINES. 



Munising Paper Company, Ltd.. .\luni^ing, Michigan. 



82 




BEATING ENGINE ROOM. 



Munising Paper Company, Ltd., Mvmising, Michigan. 



83 




MACHINE ROOM. 



Munising Paper Company, Ltd., Munismg, Jlicliigan. 



84 




MACHINE ROOM. 



Munising Paper Company, Ltd., Munising, Michigan. 



85 



CAMBRIDGE ELECTRIC LIGHT CO., CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 



The Cambridge Electric Light Company furnishes 
electric light and power for the city of Cambridge, 
]\Iassachiisetts, and includes in its output, current 
for street arc lamps, incandescent lights for munici- 
pal and private use, and power for various industrial 
purposes. 

This plant is the third built by the company since 
its organization in 1886, and is planned for possible 
future extensions with a full realization of the rapid 
growth of power plants of this class. It is situated 
on the banks of the Charles River in Cambridge, 
where an abundance of cold water is obtainable for 
condensing purposes. Owing to a projected park- 
way along the banks of the river, the company have 
erected a building which will be in keeping with 
future surroundings so far as the nature of such a 
structure will permit. 

The building-, as will be seen by the plan, is rec- 
tangular in shape, 165 feet in length by 100 feet in 
width, and divided through the entire length by a 
partition wall that separates the engines from the 
boilers. It is constructed of steel and red brick, 
with pink granite foundations, and surmounted with 
a copper cornice and iron grille. The very large 
arched windows give excellent light in the interior. 

Both the engine room and boiler room have 
traveling cranes, which facilitate the handling of 
heavy pieces of machinery and making repairs. 

Coal and ashes are handled by means of cars, from 
which coal is fired by hand into the furnaces, and 



into which ashes are drawn from the hoppers that 
constitute the bottom of the ash pits under the 
grates. 

The boilers are fitted with internal superheaters, 
in units of 440 horse power each, and carry 
a usual steam pressure of 150 lbs. per square inch. 
Natural draft produced by a brick chimney 255 feet 
high, with a circular flue 9 feet in diameter, is con- 
trolled by means of a hydraulic damper regulator, 
which automatically regulates the steam pressure. 

As the heating of boiler feed water by means of 
what would otherwise be wasted heat is a source of 
considerable economy, the water is passed through a 
series of feed water heaters before entering the 
boilers. These feed water heaters are comprised of 
tubes through which the feed water is passed and 
around which exhaust steam circulates after it has 
done its work in the various pmnps and engines. 
From this type of heater, the water is passed 
through the fuel economizers, where the temperature 
is still further raised, and the water enters the 
boilers hot enough to be converted directl}- into 
steam. 

The steam engines that drive the electric genera- 
tors are on the second floor of the engine house. 
The foundations for these engines are placed in the 
first story, and the space not occupied by them is 
utilized for condensers and vacuum pumps, oiling 
system, electrical ducts and pipes. These engines 
are of the vertical, compound, condensing type, 



86 





POWER PLANT OF THE CAMBRIDGE ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 



87 




PLAN AND SECTION. 



Cambridge Electric Light Company, Cambridge, Mass. 



88 




BATTERY OF B. & W. BOILERS. 



Cambridge Electric Light Company, Cambridge, Mass. 



89 



CAMBRIDGE ELECTRIC LIGHT CO., CAMBRIDGE. MASS. 



direct connected to generators. They aggregate 
over 7, TOO horse power in four units and are capable 
of developing over 10,000 horse poAver when occa- 
sion demands. They are lubricated by a pressure 
oiling system, in which oil is piped direct to each 
lubricator, and after passing through the bearings, 
the oil is drawn to a filter, where impurities are 
taken out and it is ready to be used again. They 
operate normally with superheated steam at 150 lbs 
pressure, and exhaust to condensers at 28 inches 
vacuum. 

The condensers are what are known as the jet 
type, the exhaust steam mingling with the cooling 
water on its passage through the condenser. 
Attached to each is a double, vertical, single acting 
vacuum pump driven by vertical steam engines 
mounted above the pump cylinders. 

Particular attention has been given to the saving 
of all condensation which may collect in the 
high pressure steam pipes, and this hot water is 
returned to the boilers by means of a gravity return 
system, which automatically returns the condensa- 
tion as fast as it collects. All hot water which is 
not contaminated with oil is thereby reclaimed and 
again converted into steam. 

The high pressure piping system is designed to 
adjust itself to the variations due to expansion and 
contraction by the use of wrought steel bends, and 
the joints are of the most approved type with cor- 
rugated copper gaskets inserted. The entire system 
of hot pipes is covered with a thick lagging of insu- 



lating material to reduce radiation. Easy access to- 
pipes and valves is obtained by means of iron gal- 
leries and stairs, which greatly facilitate the 
operation and maintenance of the plant. 

The generators are 3 phase alternating current, 
developing a potential of 2300 volts, at which pres- 
sure a large part of the electrical output is trans- 
mitted to distributing centres in the electrical 
system and reduced by transformers. 

As a part of the service demands direct current, 
"motor generators" have been installed. 

All electrical equipment is controlled by a switch- 
board, which is arranged along one side of the 
engine room on an elevated platform, screened off 
from the main room by a glass partition, through 
which the instruments may be observed. The 
switchboard is complete in indicating and record- 
ing instruments. All records are very carefully 
noted by the operating staff, and comparisons are- 
frequently made with previous records, and with 
coal and water consumption. The efficiency of the 
entire system can be consistently followed, and 
deficiencies checked. 

Below the switchboard in the basement are a 
series of constant current or "tub" transformers, 
which are used for the regulating of the arc light 
circuits, and which are automatic in their action. 
Conductors are led through conduits to a tower 
in the rear of the boiler room, where are lightning 
arresters for the protection of the station apparatus 
during thunder storms. 



90 




ENGINE AND GENERATOR ROOM 



Cambridge Electric Liglnt Company, Cambridge, Mass. 



91 




BOILER PLANT AUXILL\RIES. 



Cambridge Electric Light Company, Cambridge, Mass. 



92 



THE QUINCY ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER CO., QUINCY, MASS. 



The Quincy Electric Light and Power Company 
is a corporation doing a public service lighting and 
power business in the city of Quincy, Massachusetts. 

Their power plant is built at tidewater, where 
water-borne coal can be conveniently landed at the 
boiler room door and where abundant water is 
available for condensers. 

The building, constructed of red brick and Quincy 
granite, is ninety-six feet by eighty feet, with a pro- 
jection on the front forty-three feet by seven feet, in . 
which is placed the switchboard. 

The plant is divided into a boiler room and an 
engine and generator room, the engine room being 
a two-story building. A brick partition separates 
one end of the boiler room from a series of rooms 
arranged on three floors, which are used for office, 
repair shop, storage, oil and toilet rooms. 

The boiler room and engine room basement floors 
are at ground level, and the high basement in the 
engine room constitutes the first story of that por- 
tion of the building, thus giving good light and 
ventilation. 

Below the basement floor are commodious trenches 
covered with iron plates, in which are the large 
water pipes supplying the condensers with cooling 
water. 

The engine and boiler rooms have flat roofs with 
ventilating monitors admitting light in addition to 
that which comes through the large arched windows. 
Over the engines and traveling the entire length 
of the room is a fifteen ton, hand operated crane. 



The plant is equipped with four units of water 
tube boilers, set in batteries of two each. The coal 
comes into the boiler house on small cars, from 
which it is fired by hand directly into the furnaces. 
Each car of coal is weighed on platform scales set 
in the boiler room floor, and a system of industrial 
railway tracks makes convenient handling of coal 
from the coal pocket on a wharf to the boiler house. 

Steam is piped from the boilers into a main drum, 
which is suspended along the rear of the boilers, 
and from which it is distributed to the several 
engines. This drum and its branches are drained 
of condensation by a gravity system, which returns 
the water to the' boilers under full boiler pressure. 
The boilers are fed with water taken from the 
city water mains. 

Provisions are made in the feed water piping 
system to shtit out any of the feed water heaters in 
case of repairs, and a further precaution is taken to 
provide the boilers with cold water by a separate 
course. 

In the engine room are three units of compound 
condensing Corliss engines. 

Between the high and low pressure cylinders are 
reheating receivers with connecting pipes a.nd valves 
so arranged that either or both cylinders may be 
used. While the usual method of running is with 
both cylinders, that is, with the high pressure exhaust- 
ing into the low pressure, in case of accident, the 
disabled side may be dismantled and the other 
operated until repairs can be made. 



93 











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Ouincy Electric Light and Power Company, Ouincy, Mass. 



94 




QUINCY ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER CO., QUINCY, MASS. 



95 




BATTERY OF B. & W. BOILERS. 



Quincy Electric Light and Power Company, Quincy, Mass. 



96 




ENGINE AND GENERATOR ROOM. 



Ouincy Electric Light and Power Company, Quincy, Mass. 



97 



ROANOKE RAPIDS PAPER MFG. CO., ROANOKE RAPIDS, N. C, U. S. A. 



This plant is an example of the possibilities of 
southern developments. The raw material is the 
second growth or "loblolly" pine of the Carolinas, 
the production, a general line of wrapping papers. 

The first installation consisted of a one-machine 
paper mill and a small ground wood pulp plant of 
four standard three pocket grinders. Provision was 
made for an additional paper machine and for a 
chemical fibre plant, when the conditions should 
warrant the increase, and already the first installa- 
tion of the fibre plant has been added. 

A penstock from the Roanoke Rapids Power Co.'s 
canal extends to the river end of the beating engine 
building, where two steel wheel cases are located out- 
side the building in such a position that the wheel 
shafts extend longitudinally within the beater engine 
basement. This basement also forms the grinder 
room and room for Jordan and machine chests. One 
of these shafts is direct connected to four grinders, 
the other forming the main line of the mill, from 
which the beating engines, Jordans, and Jordan 
chests, as well as water stipply and general equip- 
ment of beating engine room are belted. 

The screen and wet machines, pumps, chests and 
miscellaneous ground wood equipment are belted 
from the grinder shaft, and the ground wood plant 
is thus made entirely independent of the paper mill 
operation. 



No separate buildings \Vere erected for the ground 
wood pulp plant. The screen and wet machines 
are located on the main floor of the beating engine 
room convenient for handling the pulp to beaters 
and where the labor of operation can be kept at a 
minimum. The ground wood plant has a daily pro- 
duction of from 12 to i6 tons of good quality pulp. 

The topography of the site w-as ideal for economy 
of installation. 

All floors throughout the paper mill are of con- 
crete. The main floor of beating engine building is 
reinforced concrete on steel frame. Walls are brick 
where their location is a part of the ultimate two 
machine plant as designed, and are of wooden 
construction of a temporary character, where the 
future addition of a second machine will necessitate 
their removal. 

The fibre plant, the second step in the develop- 
ment, has recently been put into operation. The 
product is strong sulphate pulp for "Kraft" Papers 
(the first pulp mill of its kind in the United States) 
and the product of the paper mill has been extended 
to include "Kraft" lines of wrapping papers. 

The "Kraft" Pulp is produced by the methods of 
Carl P. Carlson, the noted Swedish chemical engineer, 
who is associated w-ith this organization in all matters 
of sulphate pulp production. Mr. Carlson's success 
in this industry in Sweden, Norway and Finland is 
too well known to require comment. 



98 




PAPER MILL. 



Roanoke Rapids Paper Manufacturing Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



99 




ARRANGEMENT OF PAPER MILL. 



Roanoke Rapids Paper Manufacturing Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 




SULPHATE FIBRE MILL. 



Roanoke Rapids Paper Manufacturing Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 





CO -a 

H-l C 



< 

CO 



o 

Q 





I03 




BEATING ENGINE ROOM. 



Roanoke Rapids Paper Manufacturing Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



104 




ENGINE ROOM FROM MACHINE. 



Roanoke Rapids Paper Manufacturing Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



105 




MACHINE ROOM FROM WET END. 



Roanoke Rapids Paper Manufacturing Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



io6 




MACHINE ROOM FROM DRY END. 



Roanoke Rapids Paper Manufacturing Company, Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 



107 



THE B. D. RISING PAPER CO., HOUSATONIC, BERKSHIRE COUNTY, MASS. 



The plant of Tlie !'>. 1). Rising Paper Company 
comprises a gronp of substantial brick buildings 
erected previous to their acquirement by the Paper 
Company, so that the problem for the engineers was 
the adaptation of these buildings to the recjuirements 
of a fine writing paper plant. 

Two of the principal buildings were used as rag 
preparing and beating buildings, respectively, and 
a machine building of sufficient length was secured 
by combining the central portion of the main struc- 
ture and a rear wing into one. 

New buildings were required for the steam plant, 
including engines and boilers, and. for filters and 
bleach-making plant. 

Aluch rearrangement was necessary and a steel 
floor system was substituted for wood in the main 
floor of the Ideating engine room. In order to secure 
sufficient depth of basement, the ground floor was ex- 
cavated and the entire surface covered by a concrete 
slab on which the drainers and foundations were built. 

The narrow building" adjoining the beating engine 
and finishing rooms was used as the power building. 
Hydraulic turbines, penstocks, and necessary trans- 
mitting- apparatus were installed therein, and an upper 
story was provided for rag l)oilers and accessories. 

In the construction of this building and the tail- 
races underneath, quicksand was encountered and 
grillage was resorted to for foundations for all wheels 
and penstocks as well as masonry work. 



The building selected for finishing was completed 
practically as it had been begun by previous owners, 
the two upper floors utilized as drying lofts, the 
two lower for supercalendering, cutting, ruling and 
general finishing, as well as for the mill offices. 

The water power privilege was improved and 
storage provided by raising the timber dam about 
nine feet, giving an operating head of 25 feet and a 
mill pond about a half mile in length. This necessi- 
tated the relocation of a great deal of county road, as 
well as the rearrangement of canals and headgates. 

The canal walls are of rubble masonry supported 
on grillage and plank floor. The dam and other 
head work was largel}- done in winter and with 
satisfactory results despite climatic conditions and 
the unusual freshets occurring during its progress. 

The wheel installation consists of five turbines and 
an auxiliary steam plant, to operate during low water 
periods, and so arranged that any or all the power 
lines of the plant may be operated bv either water 
or steam as occasion demands. 

Incoming stock and general supplies are delivered 
to a siding at the front of the plant, while bleach, 
rosin and coal are delivered to the trestle track in 
the rear. 

The average production of the plant is twelve tons 
daily of loft dried bond and ledger papers and 
wedding and index bristol board. 



108 





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PL, 

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log 




GENERAL PLAN. 



B. D. Rising Paper Company,. Housatonic, Mass. 




DAM, HEADGATES AND RAILWAY BRIDGE. 



B. D. Rising Paper Company, Housatonic, Mass. 



Ill 




FLUME AND BEATING ENGINE BUILDING. 



B. D. Rising Paper Company, Housatonic, Mass. 



112 




BEATING ENGINE ROOM. 



B. D. Rising Paper Company, Housatonic, Ma 



"3 



AMERICAN STRAWBOARD COMPANY 

UNCAS PLANT. NORWICH, CONN, 



The plant is a representative one for the manu- 
facture of newsboard. It was built practically in 
the Thames River, at Norwich, Conn., on a siding 
of the A'ermont Central R. R., and has its own dock 
with facilities for handling stock by water. 

The mud flats on which the plant is located are 
submerged at ordinary level of tides and required 
piling under the entire plant. 

The mill operates almost exclusively for raw 
material, on folded newspapers, purchased in New 
York City and transported by boat to storehouses 
on the dock. As required, they are then elevated 



to the top floor of main building and given 
preliminary treatment, thence by gravity to the 
beating engines and chests below. Two machines 
are installed and the production is about 60 tons, 
dry weight newsboard daily. The machines are 
located on the ground floor level with driving gear 
in the trusses. and the steam engines in the building- 
between the machines and boiler plant. 

The peculiar foundation work necessary, on account 
of bad subsoil, proved very interesting from the engi- 
neering standpoint. 



114 




AMERICAN STRAWBOARD COMPANY (UNCAS PLANT), NORWICH, CONNECTICUT. 



"5 



ROCHESTER, SYRACUSE AND EASTERN R. R. CO., LYONS, N. Y. 



Tlic power plant of tlie Rochester, Syracuse and 
Eastern R. R. Co., is situated at Lyons, New York, 
aloni^- the line of the Xew York Central and Hudson 
River Railroad, and operates a high speed electric 
railway. Electric power is generated as alternating 
current, transmitted to the substations along the line 
of the railway and converted into direct current, 
through rotary convertors. The power house is a 
l^rick and steel structure, divided into boiler, genera- 
tor, and transformer rooms, each separated from the 
other by fire-proof partitions. 

The generator room is a two story building with 
the generators on the second floor and a high 
basement for the first story. The boiler house 
is a high single story building planned for a double 
row of boilers with a central firing space between. 
Below the central firing space is provided a room 
into which ashes may be drawn directly from the 
ash pits under the boilers. 

The transformer room consists of a single story 
projection on one side of the generator room and 
serves to house the transformers, all of the high 
tension switches, and conductors, and isolates this 
part of the ecjuipment from the rest of the plant. 

The current used is three phase alternating at 
twenty-five cycles per second and is produced by 
generators driven by horizontal steam turbines. 
There are two of these units each of 1500 K. W. 
capacity. 

On the same floor are located rotary convertors, 



which supply direct current for the railway in the 
vicinitv of the power house, exciting generators for 
energizing the fields of the main generators, and 
drv vacuum pumps which constitute a part of the 
condensing equipment for the steam turbines. The 
remainder of the condensing equipment is located 
in the basement or first story of the generator room. 

The condensing plant is of the high vacuum type 
and consists of surface condensers, condensed water 
pumps and the dry vacuum pumps, each steam tur- 
bine having a separate and complete condensing 
equipment of its own. Cooling water for the con- 
densers is supplied by motor driven pumps which 
are located a short distance aw-ay from the power 
plant on the bank of a stream, which gives an ample 
supply of fresh water. 

As the steam turbines require no oil for internal 
lubrication, the condensed steam from them is free 
from foreign matter, and is therefore suitable for 
feeding into the boilers and being again converted 
into steam. Pumps are provided under each con- 
denser for taking this condensation and discharging 
it to a storage tank which is combined with an open 
feed water heater. This heater and hot well is the 
beginning of the feed water system, and is suppli- 
mented by a fuel economizer, duplicate boiler feed 
pumps, and the feed water piping. As the only fresh 
water obtainable in the vicinity of the power station 
carries with it some scale-forming minerals which 
would form an incrustation on the inside of the 
boilers, it is necessary to treat the water. This treat- 



116 




< 
Pi 
o 



117 




V. 



'5 §0 



PLAN AND SECTION OF POWER PLANT. 



Rochester, Syracuse & Eastern Railway, Lyons, N. Y. 



n8 




BOILER HOUSE. 



Rochester, Syracuse & Eastern Railway, Lyons, N. Y. 



119 



ROCHESTER, SYRACUSE AND EASTERN R. R. CO., LYONS, N. Y. 



ment takes place at the top of the feed water heater, 
in a steam chain1)er whose interior is provided with 
a series of cast iron plates that intercept the fresh 
water admitted automatically. Steam is conducted 
to the chamber from the exhaust of the various steam 
driven auxiliaries. The water, finely divided in pass- 
ing over the plates, takes up the heat in the steam, 
precipitating its impurities on the plates, which are 
occasionally withdrawn and cleaned. The hot water 
falls from the plates to the bottom of the chamber, 
where it mixes with the clean water discharged from 
the condensers, and is ready to be pumped to the 
boilers. To maintain the continuity of purification, 
two heaters were installed side by side and arranged 
to run separately or together, so that one can be 
cleaned while the other is in operation. As the boiler 
feed pumps are situated, the hot water flows to them 
by gravity, thence forced through the fuel econo- 
mizer, where additional heat is acquired, and then 
passes to the boilers. 

The boiler feed pumps are two in number, each 
large enough for the demands of the entire plant. 



There is, therefore, always a relay in case of neces- 
sary repairs on the one in operation. The boilers 
do not depend upon one cotirse of feed water piping, 
because it is so arranged that water can be obtained 
from two different directions. 

The boilers which supply the steam for this plant 
are of the water tube type set in three batteries of 
two each. They are fitted with steam superheaters, 
which superheat the steam by the hot gases on their 
passage through the boiler. These gases on leaving" 
the boilers enter a sheet steel flue arranged along 
the backs of them, and by the side of the economizer. 
This flue is so arranged that by traveling in one 
direction the gases will pass through the economizer 
and to the chimney and by a system of dampers the 
gases are made to reverse their direction of flow and 
travel direct to the chimney, thus giving opportunity 
to clean or make repairs on economizer or its setting. 

A damper is also provided at the entrance to the 
chimney for the purpose of regulating the draft to 
suit the working conditions of steam pressure 
and coal. 




TURBO-GENERATING UNITS. 



Rochester, Syracuse & Eastern Railway, Lyons, N. Y. 



FLETCHER PAPER COMPANY, ALPENA, MICHIGAN. 



The first work of this organization for the Fletclier 
Paper Company was in connection with a paper mill 
having two 112" Fourdrinier Machines and a daily 
capacity of forty tons of high grade sulphite wrapping 
paper. The raw material was largely Mitscherlich 
Sulphite Fibre produced in the fibre mill already in 
operation. 

Since the installation of this paper mill, two more 
plants have been planned for this Company; a 
ground wood pulp plant with attendant power 
development, and a paper mill with one cylinder 
machine of a capacity of 10 tons daily of heavy 
lining papers and boards, the raw material for which 
is largely the refuse or screenings of the pulp plant 
and sulphite fibre mill already mentioned. 

The paper mill plant is located across the street 
from the sulphite fibre plant and so arranged that 
raw fibre is handled by conveyor direct to the 
beating engines. 

The ground wood plant is situated at a water 
power site about four miles up the river and the pulp 
is delivered to the paper mill by railroad. 

The paper mill plant is quite the usual arrangement 
for 2 Fourdrinier machines in one building, with 
beating and Jordan engines, and necessary chests 
and driving mechanism in a building across the wet 
end of the machine building and at right angles to it. 
The engine and boiler plant for furnishing the power 
of the paper mill is located at the inside angle made 
by beating and machine buildings. 



The machine building is one story, with machines 
on the ground level and pits in the rear in which are 
arranged the driving trains for the machines. 

The beating building is two stories in height. The 
beating and Jordan engines are on the upper floor 
with the usual line shafting, chests, pumps and 
accessories to the beating department on the ground 
floor. 

The finishing and shipping departments are also 
all on the level of the car floor where shipping tracks 
are arranged. 

The ground wood pulp mill is a fair example of 
a compact and economic arrangement for a small 
production. 

The power development has a hydraulic head of 
20 feet. The grinder room forms a part of the dam 
and only short wheel cases are required. Three 
units for grinders and one for the screens and wet 
machines are arranged — the grinder units consisting 
each of one pair of horizontal turbines direct con- 
nected to two grinders. 

The wood room is above the dam and the prepared 
wood sluiced to a tank in the grinder room. 

The pulp is delivered by gravity to the stock tank 
and pumped to screens from which the flow is by 
gravity to the wet machines. The plant has a 
capacity of between 20 and 30 tons (dry weight) 
daily. 

The paper and ground wood plants are of usual 
mill construction, masonry foundations, brick walls, 




PAPER MILL. 



Fletcher Paper Company, Alpena, Michigan. 



123 



FLETCHER PAPER;C0MPANY. ALPENA, MICHIGAN. 



steel and wood construction, with concrete floors in 
wet portions. 

The board mill for utilizing screenings is arranged 
as an extension to the sulphite fibre plant, from 
which its raw material is largely obtained. The power, 
except for the paper machine, is derived from the 
main line shaft of the sulphite plant, extended into the 
beating department. 

The property lines show that the available space 
for this plant was fully utilized. 

The Beating department has abundant room for 
storage of raw material on the level of the beating- 
engines, and the stock is delivered from beating 
engines direct through Jordans to machine chests 
below. 

No imnecessary expense was incurred, yet the 
plant is a good example of its type, and the arrange- 
ment, construction and equipment are first class 
for the purpose intended. The buildings are 
entirely of reinforced concrete and steel framing, 
except the finishing building, which is of slow burn- 
ing wood inside construction with concrete walls. 
The machine building is one story, running the entire 
length of the available space and is roofed on steel 
trusses, carrying the back line shafting, as well as a 
light crane running the length of the building. 

Broke and trimmings are returned to the beaters 
by elevator. 




Scale of Fee i. 

50 100 ISO ZOO ZSO JCO 3S0 ^CO 



GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF PAPER AND SULPHITE MILLS. 
Fletcher Paper Company, Alpena, Mich. 



124 




ARRANGEMENT OF SCREENING PAPER MILL. 



Fletcher Paper Company, Alpena, Mich. 



125 




ARRANGEMENT OF GROUND WOOD PULP MILL. 



Fletcher Paper Company, Alpena, Mich. 



126 




GROUND WOOD PULP MILL FROM DAM. 



Fletcher Paper Company, Alpena, Mich. 



127 




BEATING ENGINE ROOM. 



Fletcher Paper Company, Alpena, Mich. 



128 




MACHINE ROOM. 



Fletcher Paper Company, Alpena, Mich. 



129 



THE J. &> J. ROGERS COMPANY, AUSABLE FORKS, N. Y. 



The mill is located on the north fork of the Ausable 
River, about three-fourths of a mile below the 
sulphite mill owned by the same company. The 
receiving and shipping facilities are excellent, a 
spur of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad running 
to the mill, so that all supplies are delivered at the 
plant without rehandling, and the output is placed 
directly from the finishing room into the cars. The 
coal supply is also received by the same road. 

The hydraulic and water supply advantages are 
very great. At the sulphite mill is a dam, and a 
penstock carries the water to the paper mill, which 
is at a much lower level, thus obtaining a very high 
head and great power at low cost. The water supply 
for paper making comes from the same source. The 
site tipon which the mill is built is convenient to the 
village of Ausable Forks, and is also well adapted as 
to topography and soil for the construction of mill, 
power development, etc. 

It is a three-machine mill, with a small ground 
wood mill. Only two machines are now installed, 
one 136-inch Fourdrinier and one 90-inch C3dinder 
and Fourdrinier combined. The general arrange- 
ment of the plant comprises grinder room, beater 
room, machine room, finishing room, and boiler 
house. 

In the beater room are six 1,800-pound beaters 
and two Jordaus, with the accessory pumps, chests, 
etc. The beaters, Jordans, chests, and pumps are 
driven from main line in the basement, the main 



line being driven by a water wheel, transmitting 
through a rope drive of the "American" type. 
Arrangements are made to drive the line electrically 
in case of emergency. 

The machines are engine driven and direct con- 
nected to variable speed transmission. The machine 
room is arranged for the installation of another 
large machine, and is so designed that the change 
will require but the building of the machine 
and engine foundations, the main floor system 
remaining practically unchanged. 

The ground wood mill has two direct connected 
grinders and a stock pit of concrete and steel, placed 
directly under them. The pumps are placed in a 
pit and receive the supply by gravity. Diaphragm 
screens are used for the ground wood stock. A 
cutting-off saw and splitter is provided, no barkers 
being necessary, as the wood comes peeled in 4-foot 
lengths. 

The filtered water used for process purposes runs 
under pressure from the penstock to a gravity filter 
plant, located on the hill (capacity 2,500,000 gallons 
per dav\ the filtered water flowing by gravity to the 
mill. The elevators of the plant are electrically 
driven. The boiler plant consists of four 150 horse- 
power units return tubular boilers, with space for 
future extension. The coal is dumped direct from 
railroad cars into the coal pocket, Avhich adjoins the 
boiler house. 

Two boiler feed pumps are installed; one motor 



130 




J. & J. ROGERS CO., AUSABLE FORKS, N. Y. 



131 



BeaferRoom 



Grinder Room. Wheels. 




PLAN AND SECTIONS. 



J. & J. Rogers Company, Ausable Forks, N. Y. 



132 




BEATING ENGINE ROOM. 



J. & J. Rogers Company, Ausable Forks, N. Y. 



133 




MACHINE ROOM. 



J. & J. Rogers Company, Ausable Forks, N. Y. 



134 




MACHINE ROOM. 



J. & J. Rogers Company, Ausable Forks, N. Y. 



135 



THE J. &> J. ROGERS COMPANY, AUSABLE FORKS, N. Y. 



driven ]nim]) tor regular run, and one steam pump for 
emergency. An open feed water heater, with com- 
bined cast iron hot well, heats the water before it is 
pumped into the economizer. Two single cylinder 
non-condensing engines operate the two paper 
machines. 

The hydraulic power water is carried to the wheels 
by means of a penstock, 7 feet 6 inches diameter, 
running from the dam at the sulphite mill to 
a steel foreba}- at the paper mill, from which the 
units are supplied with water by 54 inch penstocks. 
Relief is provided for the penstock by a 48 inch vent 
pipe at the forebay, which is supported by a steel 
tower and extends above the elevation of the crest 
of the dam. As a protection against overflow, a 
steel tank is built around the top of the vent pipe, at 
such relative elevation as will provide storage for fire 
protection purposes. The head obtained is about 100 
feet, and required the extension of the tail-race a few 
hundred feet down the river. 

The wheels are of the horizontal type, single 
runner, and all are in the beater room basement. 
One unit drives the main line of the beater room 
through a rope drive. The two grinders are direct 
connected to one of the units, the remaining unit 
being direct connected to a 450 K. W., A. C. genera- 
tor, which is to be used as a generator when power is 
lacking at other plants up the river owned by the 



company, by reason of anchor ice or other trouljle. 
Emergency arrangements are made so that the beater 
line water wheel may be disconnected, the generator 
connected to the main beater line through a rope 
drive, and run as a motor, driving the beater room 
line, receiving its power from generators up the river. 
This arrangement allows great flexibility, and almost 
any condition of power may be met satisfactorily. 

The construction of the plant is of concrete foun- 
dations, brick walls, wooden roofs, with gravel roofing. 
The floor system of the finishing room, grinder room, 
and the dry end of the machine room is of slow 
burning- mill construction. The beater room and wet 
end of the machine room are of steel construction 
with reinforced concrete floors. Concrete basement 
floors are used. The beater and machine room roofs 
are trussed. All window and door lintels are of steel, 
and steel is used in construction of wheel supports 
and floor over wheel pit and tail-race. Cast iron 
plates and caps, door sills, and guards were used. 
The plant was designed with view of reducing the 
insurance rates, and follows most approved practice. 

A complete system of automatic sprinklers is 
installed, also hydrant system with 1,000-gallon 
Underwriter pump. The hydrant and sprinkler 
system is connected with the penstock, as well as 
with the pump. 



136 





FINISHING ROOM. 



J. & J. Rogers Company, Ausable Forks, N. Y. 



137 



KALAMAZOO PAPER COMPANY, KALAMAZOO, MICH. 



This plant is an example of a modern mill in 
which old paper is largely used in manufacturing 
high-grade hook and writing papers. The success 
of the company in their old plant led them 
to consider extending it by additions, but it 
was finally decided to build a new two-machine 
plant adjacent to the old one, and to so plan 
the power and office buildings as to provide for 
the needs of both. This decision was due to the 
proposed addition of quite dififerent lines of product, 
and the advisability of keeping them completely 
separated, and also to the fact that the old plant 
was not well adapted to the new products. 

The usual L shape of paper mills is adhered to ; 
the machine room forms one main wing, the beating 
engine room, pulp store-room, and preparing build- 
ings, the other wing, at right angles to machine 
room. 

The super-calender room is parallel to and adjoins 
the machine room, thus affording direct service in 
and out from the machines or the shipping building 
with paper in storage. This design also facilitates 
the main power feature of the plant; the concentration 
of all the steam engines of the plant in one spot under 
the wet end of the paper machines, adjacent to the 
boiler house and in such location that each can be 
belted direct to the main line governing its work. 
Electrical distribution of all the power of this plant 
was considered, but it seemed that nothing was to be 
gained by it, with the bulk of the power requirements 



so located that there was no distribution by long 
lines of shafting and gearing. (Compare with the 
all electrical distribution shown in the layout of 
other plants in this book, where the conditions have 
made such installations desirable.) 

The utilization of the lower or ground floor of the 
machine building has always been a problem to the 
paper mill engineer. In Europe, he has generally 
considered the advantages of having the beating 
engines and machines on the same level to be more 
than offset by the extra cost of the machine building, 
if the machines are raised to the second stor\^ 

The conditions of operation are different for each 
mill and product, but, in the case of the Kalamazoo 
Plant, all were agreed that the machines must be on 
the same level as the beating engines and calenders, 
and. therefore, that a high ground floor under 
the machines was necessary. The slope of the land 
was suited to the placing of the highest story at the 
wet end of machines and under beating engines, 
where the elevation was essential for flow of stock, 
to chests and drainers. 

Except paper machines, calenders, and beating 
engine department, the plant is electrically driven, 
with an arrangement providing for an independent 
direct connected unit for this work when required. 

The paper and rag stocks are taken by elevator 
from storage to top floor, and there delivered to the 
sorting tables, and thence in usual manner through 
the rag preparing machines. Four 8 by 24 foot 



138 




KALAMAZOO PAPER CO., KALAMAZOO, MICH.— NEW AND OLD MILLS. 



139 



KALAMAZOO PAPER COMPANY. 



rotary bleach boilers are used to cook both paper 
and rag stock. In the rotary building also are tanks 
and chests for the manufacture and storage of size 
and licjuor. 

The wood pulp stock is stored in the building 
adjoining the beater room on the east. In the beater 
room are seven 1,500 pound beaters, four 1,800 
pound washers, two 1,500 pound washers, two 
Jordans, screens, and sand settlers. On the ground 
floor are reinforced concrete drainers and stuff 
chests, accessory pumps, etc. Reinforced concrete 
offered many advantages for the construction of the 
drainers and chests. 

In the machine room are two 130-inch Fourdrinier 
machines, which are driven by steam. The engines 
belt to the constant line of each machine, which is 
direct connected to a variable speed transmission, 
through which the po\\'er is transmitted to the vari- 
able line, direct connected to the variable shaft of 
the transmission. From the constant line are driven 
the stuff and suction pumps and Jordan and machine 
chests. On the ground floor are reinforced concrete 
chests. v\'hich extend up through the main floor 
and are open at top. This room also contains the 
filters and tw^o 18 by 36-inch engines, non-con- 
densing, for the paper machines, a 22 by 44 by 48- 
inch and an 18 by 36 by 42 inch cross-compound 
condensing engine, driving the beater and calender 
lines respectively. This concentration of engines 



under wet end of paper machines makes possible a 
very compact distribution of power and the utiliza- 
tion of space not ordinarily of value. 

In the building where the calenders are installed 
provision has been made for a future installation. 
Over the calenders is a five ton trolley running the 
length of the room. The cutters are located in a 
gallery of the super-calender room. On the ground 
floor of this building are the roll grinders, repair 
shop, etc. 

The water supply is pumped from the river and 
runs through gravity filters located on ground floor 
of the machine room. A 15,000 gallon storage tank 
is provided on a steel trestle, distributing the water 
to both No. I and No. 2 mills. 

The boiler plant consists of ten 250 H. P. verti- 
cal water tube boilers in two batteries of six 
and four units. They generate steam under a pres- 
sure of 150 pounds. The boilers burn soft coal under 
natural draft. Steam is provided for the No. 2 mill, 
through a main in a tunnel. Coal is dumped from 
the car directly into the coal pocket, which adjoins, 
and forms part of the boiler house. A one ton 
crane running the length of the boiler house trans- 
fers the coal into the stoker hoppers. The ashes are 
discharged into buckets in an ash tunnel, and are 
emptied into an ash hopper, discharging outside of 
the building. 



140 




PLAN AND SECTIONS. 



Kalamazoo Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



141 




ENGINE ROOM UNDER MACHINES. 



142 





Kalamazoo Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



143 




BOILER ROO.M. 



Kalamazoo Paper Companj-, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



144 




FILTER BEDS ARRANGED IN MACHINE FOUNDATIONS. 



Kalamazoo Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



145 




BEATING ENGINE ROOM. 



Kalamazoo Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



146 




MACHINE ROOM. 



Kalamazoo Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



147 



INDUSTRIAL OFFICES 



The administration department of an industrial 
plant should be housed in quarters convenient for the 
proper handling- of the affairs of the company, and 
as each office organization has its own methods, the 
design of proper office arrangements is visually a 
problem special to the requirements of the particular 
case. 

We present three typical examples from among 
many offices designed by this organization. (A) The 
office of the Kalamazoo Paper Company at Kala- 
mazoo, Mich., U. S. A. (B) The office of the 
Goulds Mfg. Co., at Seneca Falls, N. Y., U. S. A. 
(C) The office of the Wall Paper Mfrs., Ltd., 
Ingress Abbey Mills, at Greenhithe, Kent, England. 

(A) The Kalamazoo office building is simple and 
convenient, and contains one story with cellar and 
unfinished attic for storage. 

The entrance hall at the centre runs through the 
building and divides the accounting room on the 
right from the private offices on the left. 

(B) The requirements of the Goulds Mfg. Co. 
led to the adoption of a two-story briilding. 

The central court and fireproof vault extend up 
through the second story and form the main feature 
of the design. 

This central court forms the waiting room and 
general clerk's office on the ground floor, and the 
second floor is occupied only by a gallery, which 
allows good overhead light into the main floor. The 



filing of correspondence is convenient from this 
general office into the fireproof vault. 

The private offices are grouped about the court 
and vault and are all exceptionally well lighted. 

The treatment is of simple Colonial, with brick 
walls and wood interior. The interior finish is in 
quartered oak in principal offices and ash elsewhere. 

(C) The Administration Building of the Ingress 
Abbey Mills of the Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., 
is illustrated in plan and section herewith. The 
main floor of the plant is about 20 feet above ground 
and the entrance to the plant is off an elevated 
footpath crossing the property parallel with the 
Finishing Building. 

The main floor of the offices is on the same level, 
and an intermediate story was thus available. The 
entrance from the footpath is by bridge across the 
railway tracks and along the end of the Finishing 
Building. A timekeeper's and watchman's office is 
at the entrance. 

On the third floor are the general clerks and 
stenographers, as well as offices of Manager, Super- 
intendent, and Director. The fireproof vault on this 
floor is devoted to filing correspondence. 

The second floor is devoted to quarters for statis- 
tics and library, accountants, and a lunch-room 
for heads of departments. 

The ground floor has kitchen and general lunch- 
room for employees, also chief engineer's and chem- 
ist's quarters and laboratories. 



148 






ARRANGEMENT OF OFFICE BUILDING. 

Goulds Manufacturing Company, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 



ARRANGEMENT OF OFFICE BUILDING. 

Kalamazoo Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



149 



■ ■ 



Soufh Elevation 



-H 



Scale of Feet 

'0 . 20 30 40 JO 





Sec Hon Looking 



Norfli 



Che. mi si 


Phofogrophy 


-r IS 


5 fores 


Chief Enaineer 



Qrili Room. 



■\RRANGEMENT OF OFFICE BUILDING. Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England. 



150 




Q 

m 

u 
cj 

to 
to 
O 







P 

m 

to 
u 

to 
to 
O 



151 



THE ADVERTISERS REPRESENT THE 
CO-WORKERS WHO HAVE SUCCESSFULLY 
EXECUTED PLANS AND WHO SHARE IN 
THE CREDIT OF THE WORK. 



IS2 



EST. 1859. 



GEO. V. CRESSON CO. 



INC. 1893. 



ENGINEERS 

PHILADELPHIA. PA. 



FOUNDERS 



Manufacturers of 



MACHINISTS 

NEW YORK CITY 




Power Transmitting Machinery 

SHAFTING COUPLINGS HANGERS 

PULLEYS GEARING 

ROPE WHEELS FLY WHEELS 

FRICTION CLUTCHES 



ROPE DRIVING 



A 
SPECIALTY 



Many of the largest PAPER and PULP PLANTS 
Ring Oiling Hangfr throughout the world are equipped with CRESSON POWER 

Philadelphia Pattern' TRANSMITTING MACHINERY 




Cast Iron 
Split Pulley 



POWER PLANTS DESIGNED AND EQUIPPED 



INQUIRIES SOLICITED 



153 



EDWARD A. JONES, President and Treasurer WALLACE E. BARDWELL. Secretary 

E. D. JONES ^ SONS CO. 

PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 

Manufacturers or 

Paper Making Machinery 

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 



Sole Manufacturers of MACHINES COVERED BY THE WAGG PATENTS 

Beating Engines Jordan Engines Arm Dusters Horizontal Stuff Ckests 

\Vasning Engines Rotary Pumps Railroad Duster Mill Elevators 

Mixing Engines Xnrasner Dusters Devil Dusters Sliaftmg 

Blcacnmg Engines Fan Dusters Vertical Stuff Cliests Gearing 

WHEATS Rag Dusters 

JORDAN FILLINGS BEATER BARS BED PLATES 

Plain, WAGG'S Solid Steel, Forged Sheet Steel, Solid Steel 

Triplex, Duplex or Stone WAGG'S Steel or Stone WAGG'S Stone 



Patented Wooden Sectional Suction Box Covers 
W^arners Patent Metal and Sand Catcher for Beating and Washing Engines 

^Ve manufacture three sizes of Jordan engines, either helt or direct connected motor driven, 
fillings of 'Wagg s steel or stone type, 3-part or plain 



154 



Paper Making Machinery 

THE BAGLEY & SEWALL COMPANY 

Watertown. New York. U. S. A. 



Paper Machines Exported in Past Three Years 

1 — ISO" WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, Ltd Greenhithe, England 

2— 1S6" ANGLO-NEWFOUNDLAND DEVELOPMENT CO Grand Falls, Newfoundland 

1—160" AKTIESELSKABET HOLM EN-HELLEFOS Drammen, Norway 

2— 136" PAPETERIE DE LA SEINE Paris, France 

2—142" OJI SEISHI KAISHA Tomakomai, Japan 

1-1S6" PAPETERIE DE LA SEINE (second order) Paris, France 

1—124" ANGLO-NE^A^FOUNDLAND DEVELOPMENT CO Grand Falls, New^foundland 

1— llO" FROVIFORS AKTIEBOLAG Frovifors, Sweden 

1— llO" SOCIETE DES BOIS, PATES ET PAPIERS DU MIDI St. Antoine, France 

1— 104" WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, Ltd Greenhithe, England 

2— lOO" OJI SEISHI KAISHA Tomakomai, Japan 

1— lOO" FUJI SEISHI KAISHA Tokio, Japan 

1— 84" FUJI SEISHI KAISHA Tokio, Japan 

Now Building for Export 

2 MACHINES FOR CHINESE GOVERNMENT PAPER MILL Hankow, China 

Now Building for American Trade 

CROCKER, BURBANK & CO Fitchburg, Mass. 

GOULD PAPER CO Lyons Falls, N. Y. 

CROWN-COLUMBIA PULP AND PAPER CO Portland, Ore. 

TAGGART BROS. CO Watertown, N. Y. 



155 



Cable Address, REINFORCE" New York 



W. N. WIGHT & CO. 

7 West 38th Street NEW YORK 

PATENTEES AND PROPRIETORS 

LOCK WOVEN STEEL FABRIC 

CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE 

FIREPROOF FLOORS \ / MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS 

FIREPROOF PARTITIONS ( FILTER BEDS 

CURTAIN WALLS ( llOCn IKI ) PENSTOCKS 

CEILINGS ( UOLU 111 FACTORY WALLS AND ROOFS 

BEAMS AND COLUMNS \ ( OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 

"MONOCASTE" STRUCTURES / \ ETC., ETC. 

A UNIVERSAL REINFORCE GIVING UNIVERSAL SATISFACTION 
We can refer to the following Paper Mills shown on the foregoing pages 

WALL PAPER MFRS., LTD., GREENHITHE, KENT, ENGLAND Pages 8 to 41 

J. & J. ROGERS CO., AUSABLE FORKS, N. Y Pages 130 to 137 

MUNISING PAPER CO., MUNISING, MICH. . . • Pages 72 to 85 

KALAMAZOO PAPER CO., KALAMAZOO, MICH Pages 1 38 to 147 



156 



The C. (s G. Cooper Company 



ENGINE BUILDERS 



ENGINES 



FOR ALL CLASSES OF MANUFACTURING 

AND DIRECT CONNECTED RAILWAY SERVICE 



Steam 



ras 




50 to 

10,000 
Horse 
Power 



Home Office and Works. MT. VERNON, OHIO 



NEW YORK : Bowling Green Building 

PHILADELPHIA : Drcxel Building 

BOSTON : 411 Weld Building 

PITTSBURG : 604 Frick Building 



ATLANTA : Candler Building 

CHARLOTTE. N. C, Court House Square 
KANSAS CITY: 2322 Troost Ave. 

DETROIT : 6u Moffatt Building 



157 



The Harmon Machine Co. 

Watertown, New York 



MAKERS OF 



High-Grade Diaphragm Screens 



INSTALLATIONS IN 

WALL PAPER MFRS., GREENHITHE, KENT, ENGLAND 

SEE FOREGOING PAGES, THIS BOOK 
NUMBERS 8 TO 41 



158 



OUR ROLLS ARE 
INSTALLED IN 

Wall Paper Mfrs., Ltd. 
Greenhiihe, Eng. , 

Pages 8-41. 

Munising Paper Co. 
Munlsing, Mich, 
Pages 72-85. 

Roanoke Rapids Paper Co. 
Roanoke Rapids, N.C. 
Pages 98-107. 

B. D. Rising Paper Co. 
Housatonlc, Mass. 
Pages 108-tt3. 




OUR ROLLS ARE 

INSTALLED IN 

Uncas Paper Co. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Pages 114-115. 

Fletcher Paper Co. 
Alpena, Mich. 
Pages 122-129. 

J. & J. Rogers Co. 
Ausable Forks, N.Y. 
Pages 130-137. 

Kalamazoo Paper Co. 
Kalamazoo, Mich. 
Pages 138-147. 



FARREL FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO 

ANSONIA, CONNECTICUT. U. S. A. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Complete Machine Calenders, Chilled Iron Rolls 

ROLL grinding MACHINES FOR PAPER MILLS 



159 



The Wickes Boiler Vertical Water Tube 




EVER CLEANED A BOILER 
KNOW HOW HARD IT IS 
SKINNED YOUR ELBOWS 
BARKED YOUR SHINS 
BRUISED YOUR KNEES 



P 



nrWO Manholes open. The Wickes Vertical "Water 

"'■ Tube Safety Steam Boiler from top to bottom is 

open for cleaning;. The cut shows position of man 

cleaning;. Is it laborious compared with usual forms? 

Besides it is safe, simple, durable, economical, and 
delivers absolutely dry steam. 

See description of boiler in paper mills, pag:es 72 to 
85; J22 to 129; J38 to J47, and ask us for complete list 
of paper mill users. 



ASK FOR BULLETIN 
SENT FREE 



THE WICKES BOILER CO., SV^S Saginaw, Mich., U. S. A. 



i6o 



MM 





STEAM TURBINE 




STOCK PUMP 







CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS 



Electric-Motor Drive 

is the accepted method of power application in all modern paper and pulp mills, also 
in many old ones. After years of careful study we have developed electric motors par- 
ticularly for paper mill operation ; we understand the conditions. We furnish electrical 
apparatus to operate your mill with individual motors or under the group system. Our 
apparatus is installed in the following plants described in this publication: 

Spanish River Paper & P. Co., Ltd Espanola, Ontario, Can. 

M. J. Whitall Worcester, Mass. 

Roanoke Rapids Paper Mfg. Co Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 

Quincy Electric Light & Mfg. Co Quincy, Mass. 

Rochester, Syracuse & Eastern Ry Lyons, N. Y. 

Fletcher Paper Co Alpena, Mich. 

J. & J. Rogers Ausable Forks, N. Y. 

Address nearest office for information 

Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Pittsburg, Pa. 

SALES OFFICES IN ALL LARGE CITIES. 





TYPE S MOTOR 



TYPE CCL MOTOR 





PAPER MACHINE 




S«HEEL GENERATORS 



^ 'i ^ '-^^IwRW 



TRANSFORMERS 



TYPEHF MOTOR 



i6i 




t il»iiJi)^ u xfgi\t ! ,^fg0SP -''l'' *'i^^ ^^fP>mthf i]^'» m m 



Cylinder and Wicket Gate Turbines on Vertical or Horizontal Shafts 

Operating under all conditions with highest possible efficiency 
Contracts taken for Complete Installations and Results Guaranteed 

S. MORGAN SMITH CO., YORK, PENNA. 



162 



The Sandy Hill Iron and Brass Co. 

SANDY HILL, NEW YORK. 




INSTALLATION OF A 90-INCH FOURDRINIER MACHINE— Iroquois Pulp and Paper Company, Thomson, N. Y. 

High Speed Fourdrinier Paper Machines. 




163 




GOULDS 





EFFICIENT TRIPLEX POWER PUMPS 

FOR PAPER AND PULP MILLS 

They are carefully designed with respect to ample and properly distributed weight, ex- 
cellence of material and accuracy of workmanship. They will deliver stock in an unvarying 
and continuous flow when supplying paper machines. They run with far less power than 
Fan, Centrifugal or other types. Write us for catalogs. 

THE GOULDS MFG. CO., Seneca Falls. N. Y. 

Branches: 



NEW YORK 
LOUISVILLE 



BOSTON 
ST. LOUIS 



PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURG CHICAGO 

DENVER LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO 



164 



ESTABLISHED 1875 




34 years of unprecedented success make us 

THE LEADERS 

the world over in building 

^/^ ^^Sv t^^P^^ IViaking IVlachines 
^/^At^^^y^^^ and Machinery 

b 



LARGEST 
and BEST 

equipped 

Electric Driven Plant 

IN AMERICA 

Seven 15-ton Electric 

Cranes in constant use 

All Machines 

completely erected on cast iron levelling plates and 
carefully inspected before shipment 

OUR MACHINES ARE MONEY MAKERS 



Paper and Pulp 
Milh 



165 



NTERNATIONAL PROCESS COMPANY 

Temple Court Building, New York 




"THE PROCESSES AND APPARATUS THAT MADE KRAFT PAPERS SUCCESSFUL" 



SOLE AGENTS IN NORTH AMERICA 
FOR 



Julius Pintsch, Aktiengesellschaft, Germany, 
Carl P. Carlson, Sweden, 
Bethlehem Steel Company, 



Sulphate Digesters and Diffuseurs. 
Sulphate Evaporators and Liquor Systems. 

Sulphate Machinery. 



i66 



IMPROVED PULP and PAPER MACHINERY 





Pneumatic Savf.-All Two-Cylinder Wet Machine 

OUR Pulp and Paper Machinery has been invented, designed, built and demonstrated to accomplish radical improvements over previous types. 
AS EXAMPLES : Our Wet Machines, with auxiliary press rolls, are guaranteed to produce a larger output of better and drier laps and 
for less money than any other type on the market of the same size of cylinders. Our Pneumatic Save-AUs are reclaiming enormous values 
(over |S 1, 000,000 a year) of pulp in uniform and perfect condition at a total cost of a few cents a ton, and doing this in many cases where all 
previous devices for saving had failed. These Save-Alls operate on an absolutely new principle, the fibre being drawn into a cylinder mold by 
suction and gravity only, and blown off, after thickening, onto a deflector with no rubbing or scraping of fibre or screen. The air currents are 
indicated in the illustration by arrows: White arrows indicate air pressure and black arrows indicate suction. These Save-Alls are absolutely guaranteed 
and, if properly installed, will save over <)ofo of all waste. 

Specifications, prices and catalogues of IVet Machines, Pneumatic Save-Alls and Pulp Thickeners or Pell/ess Wet Machines, sent on request, 

IMPROVED PAPER MACHINERY COMPANY 

NASHUA, N. H., U. S. A. 

The machinery built by this Company is built also in Canada from the same plans and specifications, and under the same personal direction by the 

SHERBROOKE MACHINERY CO., LTD., SHERBROOKE, P. Q. 



167 



ESTABLISHED 1837. 



INCORPORATED 1867. 



RICE, BARTON & FALES, 

MACHINE AND IRON CO. 



CHARLES S. BARTON, Prest. & Treas. 
GEORGE S. BARTON, Secretary. 



WORCESTER, MASS. 



BUILDERS OF 



Modern Fast Running and Heavy Fourdrinier and 
Cylinder Machines for Making Paper ^ and Drying Pulp. 



Double Drum Vertical Winders and 

Re-Winders 
Upright and Revolving Reels 
Large and Heavy Wet Machines 
Revolving Cutters and Layboys 
Hill Patent Diagonal Cutter, which can be 

equipped with Slitting Arrangement, and 

Reeling Off Bars. 



Chilled Iron Calender Rolls 

Screens and Screen Plates 

Stuff, Suction and Fan Pumps 

Patent Top and Double Edged Slitters 

Additions and Changes made to Old Paper 
Machines, Greatly Increasing Speed and 
Capacity. 



CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

For illustration of our machinery, we refer to the plants of the Fletcher Paper Co. pages 122 to 129 
and the Kalamazoo Paper Co. pages 138 to 147 of this book. 



1 68 



UNION 

SCREEN PLATE COMPANY 

FITCHBURG, MASS., U. S. A. 

LENNOXVILLE, P. Q., CANADA 

Sole Manufacturers of the 

WITHAM SCREEN PLATE FASTENER 

PATENTED 

THE UNION "PHOSPHO TEMPER" BRONZE 

(best phosphorized cast and tempered metal) 

SCREEN PLATES 

ROLLED BRASS SCREEN PLATES UNION BRONZE SUCTION PLATES 

"UNION" BRONZE SCREWS FOR SCREEN PLATES 

immediate delivery of the largest orders 

OLD plates RECLOSED AND RECUT TO ACCURATE GAUGE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 



Plates installed in the following Paper and Pulp Mills shown on the foregoing pages of this book 

WALL PAPER MFRS., Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, England, 8-41 MUNISING PAPER CO., Ltd., Munising, Michigan, 72-85 

SPANISH RIVER P. & P. CO., Ltd., Espanola, Ontario, Canada, 42-55 FLETCHER PAPER CO., Alpena, Michigan, 122-129 
ROANOKE RAPIDS PAPER MFG. CO., Roanoke Rapids, N.C.,98-107 J. & J. ROGERS CO., Ausable Forks, N.Y., U.S.A., 130-137 

KALAMAZOO PAPER CO., Kalamazoo, Michigan, 138-147: 



169 



The Paper Making Machinery 



MANUFACTURED BY 



The J. H. Horne & Sons Co. 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 

Is installed in every country, where the art of 
paper making has been perfected. 



Fourdrinier and Cylinder Paper Machines, 
Continuous Paper Cutters, Tine Horne Jordan, 

The Horne Engine, The Horne Plate, 
Iron and Wood Tube Beating and Washing Engines, 
General Paper Mill Machinery. 



IN THIS BOOK THE INSTALLATIONS OF MACHINERY SHOWN ON 
PAGES 64, 85, 107, 129, WERE BY 

THE J. H. HORNE & SONS CO, 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 



170 





Green Apparatus for Paper Mi 

The Green Fuel Economizer is used in many of the largest paper 
mills to recover waste heat in the chimney flue gases. When employed to 
heat water for boiler feeding only, the economizer returns its cost in a short 
time, but when water from the economizer is employed for other purposes, 
as for washing and in the beater engines, the coal sav- 
ing may be much greater. The installation of an 
economizer increases the effective boiler capacity in 
the same ratio that it saves coal, and the large volume 
of hot water stored in the economizer is valuable in 
meeting sudden demands for hot water or steam. 

Green Fans, Blowers and Exhausters, as ap- 
plied to the production of mechanical draft for boilerfur- 
naces, make it possible to burn profitably lower grades 
of coal or waste products. Green fans are also used in paper mill heating and drying outfits, and for removing vapor from 
machine rooms. We have designed special equipments for the drying of coated papers, wall papers, etc., for several of 
the largest mills in this country. The arrangements which we have devised have resulted in a large increase in output 
in each case. 

Green Steam Air Heater Coils for use in hot-blast heater and drying outfits possess the 
advantage that either live or exhaust steam, or hot or cold water can be used in them, since the 
circulation is positive and continuous, and these coils are not subject to air-binding or water hammer. 

They are, further, so constructed, that any tube of any coil can be inspected, 

cleaned or removed without dismantling. 



The Green Waste Heater is a device similar to the economizer and 
utilizes waste heat from boiler or other furnaces to heat air for heating or dry- 
ing purposes. The air can be heated to any temperature required and, as 
waste heat is used, the saving in fuel is obvious. 

Submit any problems of heating, drying or recovery of waste 
heat and we shall be pleased to make specific suggestions. 
Specialized pamphlets on any of the above subjects upon request. 





The Green Fuel Economizer Company, Matteawan, n. y. 



NEW YORK CITY BOSTON 

SEATTLE 



CHICAGO ATLANTA 

SALT LAKE CITY 



SAN FRANCISCO LOS ANGELES 

MONTREAL 



171 



REDUCE YOUR FREIGHT BILLS 

By Shipping your Pulp 55 to 60 per cent. Wood Air Dry 



oooooo 

o 

o 

CD 



I 



oooooo 



F you ship 50 tons of pulp as it comes from the wet machines at 
40 per cent, wood air dry, you pay freight on 250,000 lbs. If by 
pressing, you reduce it to 55 per cent, wood air dry, the shipping 
weight will be 1 8 1 ,000 lbs., and you save the freight on 69,000 
lbs. of water, or 20,700,000 lbs. per year of 300 working days, or 
862 car loads of 24,000 lbs. per car per year. If you reduce it to 60 per cent, 
wood air dry the shipping weight will be 1 66,000 lbs., and you save the freight 
on 84,000 lbs. of water pressed out, or 25,200,000 lbs. per year, or 1050 car 
loads of 24,000 lbs. per car per year, and have reduced the bulk more than one 
half. By slacking off the pressure on your wet machine rolls you can run the pulp 
at from 33 to 35 per cent, wood air dry and save almost enough on your felts 
to pay for the pressing. Think it over and write us. 



WE GUARANTEE RESULTS. ADDRESS 



The Canadian Boomer & Boscherl Press Co., Ltd. 

No. 1040 St. Catherine Street, East, 
MONTREAL. QUE. 



or Boomer & Boschert Press Co., Ltd. 

No. 315 West Water Street, 
SYRACUSE, N. Y. 



172 



Electric drive is being installed in some of the 
foremost pulp and paper mills in America. 



The use of electric drive in paper and pulp mills 
is constantly increasing, because present conditions 
make it necessary to secure the best product in the 
least time at the least expense. 

General Electric Co. Motors are designed and 
built with an especial aim to secure long service and 
reliable operation even under the most difficult con- 
ditions. The reputation of General Electric Co. 
apparatus has been established through years of suc- 
cessful operation in every class of power work. 



Munising Paper Co., Munising, Mich. 
Roanoke Rapids Paper Mfg. Co. 

Roanoke Rapids, N. C. 
Quincy Electric Light & Power Co. 

Quincy, Mass. 
M. J. Whittall, Worcester, Mass. 
J. & J. Rogers Co., Ausable Forks.N.Y. 



The above plants, which are described 
in this book utilize electric drive through- 
out with General Electric Motors. 



General Electric Company 

Principal Office, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. 



New York, 30 Church Street 
Boston, 84 State Street 
Phila., Witherspoon Building 
Cincinnati, Perin Building 



Chicago, Monadnock Building 
San Francisco, UnionTrustBldg. 
Atlanta, Empire Building 
Denver, Kitteredge Building 



Foreign Departments 

Schenectady, N. Y. 

and 30 Church St., N. Y. 
84 Cannon St., London, E . C. 
Canadian G.E. Co. .Toronto, Ont. 



2060 



173 



The Fairbanks Co. 

FAIRBANKS STANDARD 

SCALES 

All Types and Capacities For Any Service 




Scales specially adapted for 

PULP and PAPER MILLS. 

Complete catalog on application 



Albany- 
Baltimore 
Bangor 
Boston 
Buffalo 



Hartford 
Ne-w York 

Ne^v Orleans 

Philadelphia 

Pittsburg 



Syracuse 

London, Eng. 
Glasgo^v, Scot. 
Paris, France 
Hamburg, Ger. 



FAIRBANKS Renewable 

DISC VALVE 




kas a reputation solid as tne rock of Gibraltar. 

Particular people specify and use tnese v alves 
■wnere tne best results are desired. 

Tne rene-wable disc is secured to tbe spindle witn- 
out nuts, screws or pins ■wnicn are liable to become 
detacned wnen in use. 

ASK FOR THE FAIRBANKS VALVES 



VALVES PIPE FITTINGS 



The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Limited 

MONTREAL 

St. John, N. B. Toronto Winnipeg Calgary Vancouver 



174 



Holyoke Steam Boiler Works, Inc. 

HOLYOKE, MASS. 

Manufacturers of Rotary Bleach Boilers, Steam Boilers 
Penstocks, Smoke Flues, Tanks, Etc. 




Shipment of Four Rotary Bleach Boilers for Wall Paper Manufacturers, Limited, Greenhithe, England. 

Paper Manufacturers Using Our Rotary Bleach Boiler. 



Beebe & Holbrook Paper Co., Div. 

Holyoke, Mass. 

Worthy Paper Company Mittineague, Mass. 

Toronto Paper Mfg. Co Cornwall, Ontario 

Crane & Co Dalton , Mass. 

King Paper Co Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Collins Mfg. Co North Wilbraham, Mass. 

J. SpauldinK & Sons Co., North Rochester, N.H. 

Monadnock Mills Bennington, N. H. 

Millers Falls Paper Co Millers Falls, Mass. 

Kalamazoo Paper Co Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Companie General de Fosforos, 

Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic 

Northern Mills Co St. Jerome, Quebec 

Ashuelot Paper Co Hinsdale, N. H. 

Kinleith Paper Co., Ltd., St. Catherines, Ontario 

Eastern Mfg. Co , So. Brewer, Maine 

Deerfield Lumber Co Wilmington, Vt. 

East Hartford Mfg. Co Burnside, Conn. 

Southworth Paper Co Mittineague, Mass. 



L. L. Brown Paper Co Adams. Mass. 

Crocker-McElwain Co Holyoke, Mass. 

Wall Paper Mfgrs , Ltd London. Eng. 

Holden Paper Co Newburgh , N. Y. 

C. H. Dexter & Sons Windsor Locks, Conn. 

Crocker Mfg. Co., Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Robertson Bros Hinsdale, N.H. 

Wm. Robertson Putney, Vt. 

Wm. A. Cole Paper Co Putney, Vt. 

F. W. Bird & Son East Walpole, Mass. 

Hollingsworth & Vose East Walpole, Mass. 

Newton Paper Co Holyoke, Mass. 

Oakland Paper Co., Div Manchester, Conn. 

Tileston & Hollingsworth Hyde Park, Mass. 

Parsons Paper Co Holyoke. Mass. 

Chapin & Gould Russell, Mass. 

Plainer & Porter Paper Co. , Div. 

Unionville, Conn. 

Norman Paper Co. , Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Riverside Paper Co.. Div Holyoke, Mass. 



Linden Paper Co., Div Holyoke. Mass. 

Niagara Paper Mills Niagara Falls, N. Y. 

Syms & Dudley Watervliet, Mich. 

Whiting Paper Co Holyoke, Mass. 

McEwan Bros Whippany, N. J. 

Mittineague Paper Co Mittineague, Mass. 

Carew Mfg. Co So. Hadley Falls, Mass. 

Chemical Paper Co Holyoke, Mass. 

Albion Paper Co. , Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Wauregan Paper Co. Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Geo. R. Dickinson Paper Co. Div. 

Holyoke, Mass. 

Geo. C. Gill Paper Co. Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Holyoke Paper Co. Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Mt. Tom Paper Co. Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Nonotuck Paper Co. Div Holyoke, Mass. 

Agawam Paper Co. Div. No. i Mill, 

Mittineague, Mass. 
Agawam Paper Co. Div. No. a Mill, 

Mittineague, Mass. 



175 



THE NOBLE ^ WOOD MACHINE CO. 

HOOSICK FALLS, N. Y., U. S. A. 

A full line of 

Beating, \Vasning and Mixing Engines 

^^ood or Iron Tubs. One-Piece Housings. 

Quick ^^asliouts. Large or Small Diam. Rolls. 

Circular Bottom. 




Five Sizes of Jordans 

10, 24, 30, 40 and 60 tons capacity. 

Belt or Motor drive, direct connected. 

Various styles of filling to meet all mill conditions. 




BINDERS' BOARD MACHINES 
LEATHER BOARD MACHINES 
DUPLEX AND TRIPLEX STUFF PUMPS 
FAN PUMPS RAG CUTTERS 



FAN DUSTERS 
PIN DUSTERS 
R. R. DUSTERS 
THRASHERS 



STUFF CHESTS 

VARIABLE SPEED FRICTION DRIVES 

JORDAN FILLING 

ROLL BARS BED PLATES 



PATENT DIGESTERS for reducing old papers and broken papers to "half stock." 



Installations under 



! Roanoke Rapids Paper Mfg. Co., Roanoke Rapids, N. C, U. S. A. 
Georgia Mfg. G? Putlic Service Co., Marietta, Ga., U. S. A. 
XV all Paper Mrrs. Ltd., Anaglypta Brancn, Preston, Lancasnire, England. 



176 




Beloit Iron Works 

Builders of 

Paper Mill Machinery 

Exclusively. 



Our News Machines have made the 

fastest speed in the world. 

Our Board Machines the greatest 

production in the world. 



Beloit Iron Works, 

Beloit, Wis., U.S. A. 



MOTOR DRIVEN TRIPLEX STUFF PUMP 



177 




Garland Cliip Conveyor at Mill of Fletcher Paper Co. 
Alpena, Mich. 

We are Conveying and Wood 
Machinery Specialists 



WRITE FOR CATALOGUE No. 40 



The M. Garland Co. 

Bay City, IMich., U. S. A. 




Ingress Abbey Mills, Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhilhe Kent, England. 
Equipped with Fenestra Sash. 

Wrought Steel 

Detroit Fenestra Sashes 

Adapted for use in substantial 
construction of 

Warehouses, Factories, 

Car Shops, Power Stations, 

Paper and Pulp Mills, etc., etc. 

Costs much less than other metal sash, is more siglitly and 
better for purposes mentioned. 

It is a stibstantial sul)stitute for wood. It replaces it at slight 
expense. 

Made from Special Rolled Section 

The FENESTRA joint is so constructed that the amount of 
metal cut out at the joint is reduced to tlie minimum, therefore 
strengtli is a feature. 

For further information address 

M.ANrF.ACTURERS, DETROIT, U. S. A. 

Detroit Steel Products Company. 



178 



Eastwood Wire Manufacturing Co. 

BELLEVILLE, NEW JERSEY, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Fourdrinier Wires and Cylinder Wires. 
Cylinder Moulds. Dandy Rolls. 

Perfection Bronze Valves and Castings for Sulphite Mills. 
"Y" Valves all sizes, in Bronze and Steam Metal. 



Extra Heavy Fittings and Valves for Steam. 
Boiler Blow^-off Valves. 



179 



PLANET ENGINEERING COMPANY 

5 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK 





WE show two applications of 
Planet Bearings to motor driven 
vertical high-speed centrifugal 
pumps, the smaller cuts in each case 
being detailed views of bearings 
included in general arrangement 
drawings. 



'O 'PA 



Cx 




THRUST BEARINGS DESIGNED TO MEET ALL CONDITIONS 



180 



More Steam with Less Fuel 

A Steady Draft in all Weather Conditions 

Fuel Economizers and 
Mechanical Draft .*. 



Sturtevant 

Fuel Economizers 

Absorb heat from escaping hot gases and use 
this to heat feed water for the boiler. We prove 
this means to you 10% to 20% more steam with- 
out increase fuel cost. This system installed in 
Power House at Lyons, New York. Pages 116- 
122 this book. 



Sturtevant 
Mechanical Draft 



Increases the draft through a chimney already 
standing, or allows you to dispense with the stack 
altogether. Weather conditions do not affect this 
draft, and it can be regulated to suit varying de- 
mands on a system. The Spanish River Pulp and 
Paper Co., pages 42-56 this book have Sturtevant 
Mechanical Draft installed. 



WE ARE THE LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF BLOWERS AND EXHAUSTERS. 

Offices in Principal Cities. 

B. F. STURTEVANT COMPANY, 



General Office and Works, 
Hyde Park, Mass. 



BOSTON, Mass. 



i8i 




Valley Iron Works Co. 

Engineers, Founders and Machinists 

BUILDERS OF 

Paper, Pulp and Sulphite 
Mill Machinery 

The patented features, found solely in OUR Beating Engines, 
make them the most 

Rigid and Best Turning Engines 



for all classes of stock 



Appleton, Wisconsin, U. S. A. 



A. Kieckhefer 

Elevator Co. 



MILWAUKEE, WIS. 



Plunger Elevators, 

Electric Elevators, 

Belted Elevators. 



SOAK TANK LIFTS. 



We make a specialty of Elevator equipments 
for Paper Mills. 



182 



"J. R. Driscoll, of Springfield, 
Mass., has taken this space to 
remind the trade that he is the 
pioneer in the use of concrete in 
floors, chests, drainers, beating 
engines, bleaching apparatus and 
other paper mill uses, and can 
show samples of work done for 
the past 25 years, and still in good 
operating condition." 

All work guaranteed for 25 
years if done entirely under my 
own supervision and direction. 



THE DEANE OF HOLYOKE 




POWER PUMPS 

FOR PAPER AND PULP MILLS 

SINGLE-DUPLEX-TRIPLEX 



Stuff Pumps 

direct water ways 
every part accessible 

Exhausters 

durable machines 
high efficiency 



Suction Box Pumps 

steady vacuum 
rigid construction 



Send for Catalogs to 

THE DEANE STEAM PUMP CO. 

115 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 

WORKS: HOLYOKE, MASS. 



183 




THE 



Cleveland Crane & Engineering Co. 

WICKLIFFE. OHIO 



We manufacture Cranes of every description, both 
Electric and Hand Power, and have installed cranes in 
the following plants illustrated in this book : 

Wall Paper Mfrs., Ltd., Pages 8 to 41. 
Munising Paper Co., Ltd., Pages 72 to 85. 
Kalamazoo Paper Co., Pages 138 to 147. 

We would be pleased to have your inquiries. 
Catalog will be sent upon request. 



UNION MACHINE CO. 

Fitchburg, Mass., U. S. A. 

Paper Mill Machinery 



We recently sold the Roanoke Rapids Paper Mfg. Co. 
one of our fast running, high speed, modern, Fourdrinier 
paper machines, of heavy design, from our latest and most 
up-to-date patterns. A full description of their plant and 
equipment will be found on pages 98 to 107. 

We equipped the Wall Paper Manufacturers Co., Ltd., 
Greenhithe, Kent, England, with "Wyman" Jacket 
Stretchers. See description of their plant on pages 
8 to 41. 

The Kalamazoo Paper Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., are 
users of our "Union" Bleach Hoists. Their mill is 
described on pages 138 to 147. 

The above machinery was sold through 
the agency of Joseph H. Wallace. 

Over 30 "Union" Bleach Hoists are in Operation 
IN THE State of Michigan. 



Jordan Engines 
Cylinder Moulds 
Kollergangs 



Wood Rolls 

Pumps 

Rolls Re-ground 



WILLIAMS-GRAY CO. 

Western Agents CHICAGO, ILL. 



:S4 



The 

Exeter Machine Worki 

PITTSTON, PENNSYLVANIA 

Manufacturers of 

Coal and Ash Handling 
Machinery 

Elevators and Conveyors 

for handling pulp and paper. 



Bronze and Brass Castings where great strength and 
acid resisting qualities are required. 

Stone's Navy White Bronze which is the best 
anti-friction metal in the world. 




MORE HOT WATER 

from the same amount of exhaust steam can be obtained from a 
Cochrane Open Feed- Water Heater than from any closed heater ar- 
rangement, because the Cochrane Heater conserves and utilizes the 
exhaust steam which is condensed in heating the water. At the same 
time, the Cochrane Heater acts as a hot well or return tank for steam 
condensed in the heating or drying rolls, paper machines, etc., in many 
cases saving the cost of traps or receiver pumps. 

Heating the boiler feed not only saves coal, protects the boilers from 
temperature strains and increases the boiler steaming capacity, but the 
Cochrane Heater will also supply hot water for the beater engines, for 
washing pulp, etc. 

If the raw water contains permanent hardness, we shall be pleased to 
explain our Hot Process System, by means of which the water can be 
purified at the same time that it is being heated. This will save you a 
big bill for boiler cleaning and repair bills, as well as render the water 
more suitable for manufacturing purposes. Our process saves the cost of 
lime and of chemical analyses. 

If you wish to use exhaust steam for any purpose whatever, it should 
be purified of oil. This can be done most effectively by the use of a 
Cochrane Oil Separator. 

Give us some information about your plant and we shall be pleased to 
submit layouts and an estimate of the possible savings. 

HARRISON SAFETY BOILER WORKS 



3178 N. 17th Street 



Philadelphia, Pa. 



185 



DIGESTERS 

SULPHITE 

SODA 

ROTARY 

Also BOILERS, TANKS, Etc. 



MANITOWOC BOILER 

WORKS COMPANY 



MANITOWOC, WISCONSIN 




nil 11 11 





Cheney Bigelow 

Wire Works 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Fourdrinier Wires 
Cylinder Molds 
Dandy Rolls 

OFFICE RAILINGS 

ELEVATOR ENCLOSURES 

WIRE SIGNS 



Write for Catalogue 



Springfield, Mass» 



1 86 



Ryther & Pringle Co. 

CARTHAGE, N. Y.,U.S. A. 



Wood-Room Engineers 

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF 

COMPLETE MILLS FOR PREPARING 
WOOD FOR PULP AND PAPER 
MILLS, TO MEET ALL CON- 
DITIONS AND FOR ANY 
CAPACITY. 



CONVEYOR SYSTEMS 

FOR YARD STORAGE AND ALL 
MILL REQUIREMENTS 



Slashers, Swing and Jump Saws, 

Splitters, Chip Screens and all kinds Wood 

Handling and Preparing Machinery. 



PLANS. ESTIMATES. 



The cut on page 51 shows one of our Multiple Saw 
Slashers in actual operation. 



CARTHAGE MACHINE CO. 

Carthage, N. Y., U. S. A. 



GRINDERS BARKERS CHIPPERS 

WET MACHINES 

CRUSHERS PUMPS 

DIGESTER FITTINGS 

CHIP SCREENS 




187 



THE "ABC" FAN SYSTEM OF HEATING 

Specially Adapted to 

PAPER t PULP MILLS 

The proper amount of heat to keep moisture in sus- 
pension together with positive circulation of air for carrying 
off the moisture is provided, and the prevention of fog in 
Machine rooms is successfully accomplished by the 
"ABC" FAN SYSTEM. 



"ABC" APPARATUS IS INSTALLED IN THE HEREIN 
DESCRIBED MILLS OF 
WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, Ltd. . . England 

MUNISIN6 PAPER COMPANY .... Munislng, Mich. 
FLETCHER PAPER COMPANY .... Alpena, Mich. 

KALAMAZOO PAPER COMPANY . Kalamazoo, Mich. 

"ABC" APPARATUS IS ALSO IN SUCCESSFUL OPERATION IN MANY 

OTHER PROMINENT MILLS INCLUDING 

INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO. . . . Various locations. 

CHAMPION COATED PAPER CO. ... Hamilton, Ohio. 

ANGLO-NEWFOUNDLAND DEVELOPMENT CO. . Grand Falls, N. F. 




PRINCIPAL offices: DETROIT. MICH. 
works: DETROIT, MICH. AND TROY, N. 



Manufacturers SIROCCO 



CENTRIFUGAL 

FANS AND BLOWERS 



"ABC" Systems of Heating, Ventilating, and Mechanical 
Draft. Disc Ventilating Fans and Steam Traps, Vertical 
Enclosed Self-Oiling Steam Engines for Generator Sets and 
Centrifugal Pumps, and Variable Speed Engines for Paper 
Machines. 

SECTIONAL OR COMPLETE CATALOGS UPON REQUEST 



Norwood Engineering Co. 

FLORENCE, MASS. 



Paper Mill Equipments 

INSTALLATIONS IN 

Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., Greenhithe, Kent, Eng. 
(See pages 8 to 41 ) 

Ashuelot Paper Co., Hinsdale, N. H., U. S. A. 
(See pages 62 to 65) 

Kalamazoo Paper Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., U. S. A. 
(See pages 138 to 147) 



188 



Structural Steel 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FOR 

Mill Buildings Pulp Mills 

Hydro-Electric Plants 

Power Houses 



Chesapeake Iron Works 

Baltimore, Md. 
Charlotte, N. C. Washington, D. C. 



The Steel Work used in the construction of Pulp Mills for Roanoke 
Rapids Paper Manufacturing Co., and Hydro-Electric Plant for Roanoke 
Rapids Power Co., Roanoke Rapids, N. C, designed by Messrs. Jos. H. 
Wallace & Co., was supplied by us. 

We respectfully refer you to these Engineers. 



Alphons Custodis 
Chimney Construction Co. 

BENNETT BUILDING 

NEW YORK 

Expert Designers and Builders of 

Radial Brick Chimneys 

All Sizes — For all Purposes 

For Boilers, Furnaces 

Smelters, etc. 



Builders of the Tallest and Largest Chimney 

in the World. 506 feet high, 50 feet Diameter, 
at Great Falls, Montana. 



Chicago 

Philadelphia 

Boston 

Atlanta 

Cleveland 



BRANCHES 

St. Louis 

Detroit 

Indianapolis 

Cincinnati 

Montreal 



Salt Lake City 

Denver 

Great Falls, Mont. 

Pittsburg, Kans. 

San Juan, P. Rico 



iSg 



APPENDIX 



THE mills described in this volume were selected as typical 
examples, and the following samples of paper were chosen 
to show the character of the output to which each plant is 
particularly adapted. 

The nature of the products of the Uncas Plant of the 
American Strawboard Co., the Flintkote Mfg. Co., and of 
the Spanish River Pulp and Paper Co. does not permit of their 
being included m this collection. 

The Ingress Abbey Mills, of the Wall Paper Manufacturers, 
Ltd., have not been in operation long enough to produce the 
complete line, and some of the papers shown were made by 
other mills of this company and included, because they illus- 
trate the class of work for which the plant at Greenhithe 
was designed. 



The Six Samples following 

were manufactured by the 

WALL PAPER MANUFACTURERS, Ltd. 
ENGLAND 



The Three Samples following 

were manufactured by the 

ASHUELOT PAPER COMPANY 
HINSDALE, N. H. 




Manufacturers of High-grade 

COPYING, PATTERN, JUTE AND ROPE 

TISSUES 

Made in weights, 24 x 36— S to 20 lb. 

Widest trimmed sheet 81 inches 



Tht^ Ihree Samples following 

\ er*' manufacrured by the 

MUNISING PAPER CO., Ltd. 
MllNlSING, MICH. 



The Three Samples following 

were manufactured by the 

MUNISING PAPER CO., Ltd. 
MUNISING, MICH. 



.f".'. .■'Trr, 



'v^:.-;, :- ■'■y-^h 



J H.y ' ^*.<J* 



:"^'^4^JS^;:iH^^- 








''..^s^'m^'" 




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■rji 






The Three Samples following 

were manufactured by the 

B. D. RISING PAPER COMPANY 
HOUSATONIC, MASS. 



The Three Samples following 

were manufactured by the 

FLETCHER PAPER COMPANY 

SULPHITE, EXPRESS AND MANILA 

PAPERS 



FRANK W. FLETCHER, President 
ALLAN M. FLETCHER, Secretary 
WINTHROP F. VICTOR, Treasurer 



ALPENA, MICH. 



The Fletcher Paper Company was organized in 1898, 
the members of it having been in business in Alpena for the 
previous thirty years, and operating the first Mitscherlicli 
sulphite mill in the country, built here in 1886. 

The Paper Mill proper consists of two Fourdrinier 
machines, trimming 190" and malting dry finish and water 
finish fibres and colored papers. Also one three-cylinder 
machine trimming about 62", on which we run all weights 
from 50 to 250 pounds. 

We manufacture all our own Sulphite and Groundwood, 
buying no material at all. Our mills are thoroughly modern 
and up-to-date, and of practically fireproof construction. 






vu 



The Three Samples following 

were manufactured by the 

J. & J. ROGERS CO. 

AUSABLE FORKS, N. Y. 




This Book is Printed on Paper 
Manufactured by 

THE KALAMAZOO PAPER COMPANY 

KALAMAZOO, MICH., U. S. A. 

whose plant is described herein. 

The following samples are from some of our specialties. 



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